GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators, Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the right to sight: an analysis for the global burden of disease study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9(2):e144–e60.
Article
Google Scholar
Group UKPDS. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837–53.
Keel S, Xie J, Foreman J, van Wijngaarden P, Taylor HR, Dirani M. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Australian adults with self-reported diabetes: the National Eye Health Survey. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(7):977–84.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cikamatana L, Mitchell P, Rochtchina E, Foran S, Wang J. Five-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in a defined older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Eye (Lond). 2007;21(4):465–71.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(3):556–64.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Taylor HR, Pezzullo ML, Keeffe JE. The economic impact and cost of visual impairment in Australia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90(3):272–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Magliano DJ, Peeters A, Vos T, Sicree R, Shaw J, Sindall C, et al. Projecting the burden of diabetes in Australia–what is the size of the matter? Aust N Z J Public Health. 2009;33(6):540–3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hammes H-P, Feng Y, Pfister F, Brownlee M. Diabetic retinopathy: targeting vasoregression. Diabetes. 2011;60(1):9–16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;87(1):4–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cheung N, Mitchell P, Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy. Lancet. 2010;376(9735):124–36.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
National Health and Medical Research Council. Guidelines for the management of diabetic retinopathy. Australia: NHMRC; 2008.
Google Scholar
Hutchinson A, McIntosh A, Peters J, O’keeffe C, Khunti K, Baker R, et al. Effectiveness of screening and monitoring tests for diabetic retinopathy–a systematic review. Diabet Med. 2000;17(7):495–506.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ting DSW, Cheung GCM, Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy: global prevalence, major risk factors, screening practices and public health challenges: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016;44(4):260–77.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rubino A, Rousculp MD, Davis K, Wang J, Girach A. Diagnosed diabetic retinopathy in France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Prim Care Diabetes. 2007;1(2):75–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Scanlon PH. The English national screening programme for diabetic retinopathy 2003–2016. Acta Diabetol. 2017;54(6):515–25.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nguyen HV, Tan GSW, Tapp RJ, Mital S, Ting DSW, Wong HT, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a national telemedicine diabetic retinopathy screening program in Singapore. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(12):2571–80.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Misra A, Bachmann M, Greenwood R, Jenkins C, Shaw A, Barakat O, et al. Trends in yield and effects of screening intervals during 17 years of a large UK community-based diabetic retinopathy screening programme. Diabet Med. 2009;26(10):1040–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conlin PR, Fisch BM, Orcutt JC, Hetrick BJ, Darkins AW. Framework for a national teleretinal imaging program to screen for diabetic retinopathy in Veterans Health Administration patients. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2006;43(6):741–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Australian Government Department of Human Services. Medicare item reports. Canberra: Australian Government; 2021. Available from: http://www.medicareaustralia.gov.au/statistics/mbs_item.shtml
Google Scholar
Foreman J, Keel S, Xie J, Van Wijngaarden P, Taylor HR, Dirani M. Adherence to diabetic eye examination guidelines in Australia: the National Eye Health Survey. Med J Aust. 2017;206(9):402–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xie J, Arnold AL, Keeffe J, Goujon N, Dunn RA, Fox S, et al. Prevalence of self-reported diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in indigenous Australians: the National Indigenous Eye Health Survey. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011;39(6):487–93.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McCarty DJ, Fu CL, Harper CA, Taylor HR, McCarty CA. Five-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy in the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003;31(5):397–402.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tapp RJ, Zimmet PZ, Harper CA, De Courten MP, Balkau B, McCarty DJ, et al. Diabetes care in an Australian population: frequency of screening examinations for eye and foot complications of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(3):688–93.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Piyasena MMPN, Murthy GVS, Yip JL, Gilbert C, Zuurmond M, Peto T, et al. Systematic review on barriers and enablers for access to diabetic retinopathy screening services in different income settings. PLoS One. 2019;14(4):e0198979.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Egunsola O, Dowsett LE, Diaz R, Brent M, Rac V, Clement FM. Diabetic retinopathy screening: a systematic review of qualitative literature. Can J Diabetes. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.01.014.
Graham-Rowe E, Lorencatto F, Lawrenson J, Burr J, Grimshaw J, Ivers N, et al. Barriers to and enablers of diabetic retinopathy screening attendance: a systematic review of published and grey literature. Diabet Med. 2018;35(10):1308–19.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crossland L, Jackson C. Successfully implementing a diabetic retinopathy screening service in general practice: what does the evidence tell us? Aust Fam Physician. 2017;46(7):529.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lake AJ, Browne JL, Rees G, Speight J. What factors influence uptake of retinal screening among young adults with type 2 diabetes? A qualitative study informed by the theoretical domains framework. J Diabetes Complicat. 2017;31(6):997–1006.
Article
Google Scholar
Glasson NM, Larkins SL, Crossland LJ. What do patients with diabetes and providers think of an innovative Australian model of remote diabetic retinopathy screening? A qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):1–16.
Article
Google Scholar
Spurling GK, Askew DA, Hayman NE, Hansar N, Cooney AM, Jackson CL. Retinal photography for diabetic retinopathy screening in indigenous primary health care: the Inala experience. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2010;34:S30–S3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Livingston P, McCarty C, Wood C, Harper A, Keeff J, Taylor H. Use of focus groups to identify health promotion strategies for the early detection of diabetic retinopathy. Aust N Z J Public Health. 1998;22(2):220–2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Elo S, Kyngäs H. The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs. 2008;62(1):107–15.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
O’Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, Reed DA, Cook DA. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Acad Med. 2014;89(9):1245–51.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cane J, O’Connor D, Michie S. Validation of the theoretical domains framework for use in behaviour change and implementation research. Implement Sci. 2012;7(1):1–17.
Article
Google Scholar
Richard L, Gauvin L, Raine K. Ecological models revisited: their uses and evolution in health promotion over two decades. Annu Rev Public Health. 2011;32:307–26.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Villalba C, Askew D, Jaiprakash A, Donovan J, Roberts J, Russell A, et al. A mixed-methods retrospective study: 10 years of diabetic retinopathy screening in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary care. Aust J Prim Health. 2019;25(1):24–30.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lindenmeyer A, Sturt JA, Hipwell A, Stratton IM, Al-Athamneh N, Gadsby R, et al. Influence of primary care practices on patients’ uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening: a qualitative case study. Br J Gen Pract. 2014;64(625):e484–e92.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cavan D, Makaroff L, da Rocha FJ, Sylvanowicz M, Ackland P, Conlon J, et al. The diabetic retinopathy barometer study: global perspectives on access to and experiences of diabetic retinopathy screening and treatment. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;129:16–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hipwell AE, Sturt J, Lindenmeyer A, Stratton I, Gadsby R, O'Hare P, et al. Attitudes, access and anguish: a qualitative interview study of staff and patients’ experiences of diabetic retinopathy screening. BMJ Open. 2014;4(12):e005498.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ghaljaie F, Naderifar M, Goli H. Snowball sampling: a purposeful method of sampling in qualitative research. Strides Dev Med Educ. 2017;14(3)1–6. https://doi.org/10.5812/SDME.67670.
Morse JM. The significance of saturation. Thousand Oaks: Sage publications Sage CA; 1995.
Book
Google Scholar
Guest G, Bunce A, Johnson L. How many interviews are enough?: an experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods. 2006;18(1):59–82.
Article
Google Scholar
Clarke V, Braun V. Teaching thematic analysis: overcoming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning. Psychologist. 2013;26(2):120–3.
Google Scholar
Askew D, Schluter PJ, Spurling G, Maher CM, Cranstoun P, Kennedy C, et al. Diabetic retinopathy screening in general practice: a pilot study. Aust Fam Physician. 2009;38(8):650.
PubMed
Google Scholar
University of Melbourne. Online self-directed diabetic retinopathy grading course. 2017. https://drgrading.iehu.unimelb.edu.au/cera/index.asp. Accessed 27 Oct 2020.
Google Scholar
Ellery B, Milverton J, Newton S, Morona J, Gum D, Parsons J, et al. Retinal photography with a non-mydriatic retinal camera in people with diabetes. MSAC application no. 1181, Assessment Report. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2014.
Google Scholar
Nielsen KB, Lautrup ML, Andersen JKH, Savarimuthu TR, Grauslund J. Deep learning–based algorithms in screening of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review of diagnostic performance. Ophthalmol Retina. 2019;3(4):294–304.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xiao D, Bhuiyan A, Frost S, Vignarajan J, Tay-Kearney M-L, Kanagasingam Y. Major automatic diabetic retinopathy screening systems and related core algorithms: a review. Mach Vis Appl. 2019;30(3):423–46.
Article
Google Scholar
Li Z, Keel S, Liu C, He M. Can artificial intelligence make screening faster, more accurate, and more accessible? Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2018;7(6):436–41.
Google Scholar
Piyasena MMPN, Murthy GVS, Yip JL, Gilbert C, Peto T, Premarathna M, et al. A qualitative study on barriers and enablers to uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening by people with diabetes in the Western province of Sri Lanka. Trop Med Health. 2019;47(1):1–10.
Article
Google Scholar
Fairless EA. Factors influencing the receipt of diabetic retinopathy screening in a high-risk population; 2020.
Google Scholar