Table 2 Factors associated with having a hospital-based usual source of care (n = 916)

Age, years

20 − 29

ref

30 − 39

0.56 (0.28 − 1.12)

0.100

40 − 49

0.45 (0.23 − 0.90)^b

0.024

50 − 59

0.77 (0.41 − 1.43)

0.400

60 − 69

0.91 (0.47 − 1.78)

0.791

≥ 70

0.94 (0.47 − 1.91)

0.872

Gender

Male

ref

Female

0.71 (0.54 − 0.94)^b

0.018

Marital status

Married

ref

Widowed

0.88 (0.50 − 1.57)

0.673

Annulled, divorced, separated

0.94 (0.56 − 1.56)

0.802

Never married

0.95 (0.57 − 1.57)

0.828

Education

Less than high school

ref

High school

0.82 (0.51 − 1.32)

0.419

Junior college

1.03 (0.62 − 1.71)

0.906

More than or equal to college

0.64 (0.39 − 1.06)

0.081

Employment status

Full-time employee

ref

Part-time employee

0.82 (0.55 − 1.21)

0.317

Self employee

1.01 (0.69 − 1.47)

0.966

Unemployed

0.87 (0.60 − 1.26)

0.466

Annual household income, million JPY

< 3.00 (≒ 22,000 US dollars)

ref

3.00–4.99

0.99 (0.70 − 1.41)

0.957

5.00–6.99

1.04 (0.70 − 1.53)

0.845

7.00–9.99

0.74 (0.44 − 1.22)

0.236

≥ 10.00

0.98 (0.54 − 1.76)

0.935

Social isolation

Absent

ref

Present

1.14 (0.89 − 1.47)

0.306

CCHL^a

0.99 (0.87 − 1.12)

0.802

Number of chronic conditions

0

ref

1

1.73 (1.20 − 2.49)^b

0.003

≥ 2

1.64 (1.13 − 2.38)^b

0.010

EQ-5D-5L^a

0.89 (0.83 − 0.97)^b

0.006