US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Public Health and Science: Healthy People 2010 Objectives: Draft for Public Comment. Washington, DC, September 15, 1998.
WHO MONICA Project: Myocardial Infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Circulation. 1994, 90: 583-612.
Article
Google Scholar
Gardner P, Hudson BL: Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1993. Monthly vital statistics report. 1996, Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics, 44 (7 supp):
Gillum RF: Trends in acute myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease in the United States. J Am Col Cardiol. 1994, 23: 1273-7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Roger VL, Weston SA, Redfield MM, Hellermann-Homan JP, Killian J, Yawn BP, Jacobsen SJ: Trends in myocardial infarction incidence and survival. Olmsted County, Minnesota – 1979 to 1994. Ann Int Med. 2002, 136 (5): 341-348.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heim LJ, Brunsell SC: Heart disease in women. Prim Care. 2000, 27 (3): 741-66.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: A national awareness campaign for women about heart disease. Accessed 4/14/03., [http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/hearttruth]
Schoenberg NE, Peters JC, Drew EM: Unraveling the mysteries of timing: women's perceptions about time to treatment for cardiac symptoms. Soc Sci Med. 2003, 56 (2): 271-84. 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00026-6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ali NS: Prediction of coronary heart disease preventive behaviors in women: a test of the health belief model. Women Health. 2002, 35 (1): 83-96. 10.1300/J013v35n01_06.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oliver-McNeil S, Artinian NT: Women's perceptions of personal cardiovascular risk and their risk-reducing behaviors. Am J Crit Care. 2002, 11 (3): 221-7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Grodstein F, Colditz GA, Speizer Fe, Willett WC: Trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease and changes in diet and lifestyle in women. N Engl J Med. 2000, 343 (8): 530-7. 10.1056/NEJM200008243430802.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lockyer L, Bury M: The construction of a modern epidemic: the implications for women of the gendering of coronary heart disease. J Adv Nurs. 2002, 39 (5): 432-40. 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02308.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wenger NK: Coronary heart disease and women: magnitude of the problem. Cardiol Rev. 2002, 10 (4): 211-3. 10.1097/00045415-200207000-00005.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jneid H, Thacker HL: Coronary artery disease in women: different, often undertreated. Cleve Clin J Med. 2001, 68 (5): 441-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
King KB, Quinn JR, Delehanty JM, Rizzo S, Eldredge DH, Caufield L, Ling FS: Perception of risk for coronary heart disease in women undergoing coronary angiography. Heart Lung. 2002, 68 (5): 246-52. 10.1067/mhl.2002.126522.
Article
Google Scholar
Shaw LJ, Tarkington L, Callister T, Murgo J, Simon A, Waller C, Battaglia S, Mangione N, Chambers J, Smart F, Mehta S, Anderson A, Kugelmass A, Raggi P, Houser F, Clinical Cardiovascular Management Network: The HCA National Disease Management Program for coronary disease detection and treatment in women. Am J Manag Care. 2001, 7 Spec No: SP25-30.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diamond GA, Vas R, Forrester JS, Xiang HZ, Whiting J, Pfaff M, Swan HJ: The influence of bias on the subjective interpretation of cardiac angiograms. Am Heart J. 1984, 107: 68-74. 10.1016/0002-8703(84)90135-2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease in Women Systematic Reviews of Evidence on Selected Topics: Summary, Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: Number 81. AHRQ Publication No. 03-E036, May 2003. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, [http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/chdwtopsum.htm]
Results of systematic review of research on diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease in women: Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2003, 80: 1-4.
Google Scholar
Mosca L, Manson JE, Sutherland SE, Langer RD, Manolio T, Barrett-Connore E: Cardiovascular disease in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Writing Group. Circulation. 1997, 96: 2468-2482.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mosca L, Grundy SM, Judelson D, King K, Limacher M, Oparil S, Pasternak R, Pearson TA, Redberg RF, Smith SC, Winston M, Zinberg S: guide to Preventive Cardiology for Women AHA/ACC Scientific Statement Consensus panel statement. Circulation. 1999, 99: 2480-2484.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schulman KA, Berlin JA, Harless W, Kerner JR, Sistrunk S, Gersh BJ, Dube R, Taleghani CK, Burke JE, Williams S, Eisenberg JM, Escarce JJ: The Effect of Race and Sex on Physicians' Recommendations for Cardiac Catherization. N Engl J Med. 1999, 340: 618-26. 10.1056/NEJM199902253400806.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lonn E: Epidemiology of ischemic heart disease in women. Can J Cardiol. 2001, 17 (Suppl D): 14D-23D.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miller AP, Oparil S: Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in women: a call to action. Ann Intern Med. 2003, 138 (2): 150-1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Orencia A, Bailey K, Yawn BP, Kottke TE: The effect of gender on long-term outcome of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction/sudden unexpected death. JAMA. 1993, 269: 2392-7. 10.1001/jama.269.18.2392.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Greenland P, Knoll MD, Stamler J, Neaton JD, Dyer AR, Garside DB, Wilson PW: Major Risk Factors as Antecedents of Fatal and Nonfatal Coronary Heart Disease Events. JAMA. 2003, 290: 891-897. 10.1001/jama.290.7.891.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bedinghaus J, Leshan L, Diehr S: Coronary artery disease prevention: what's different for women?. Am Fam Physician. 2001, 63 (7): 1393-400. 1405–6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berra K: Women, coronary heart disease, and dyslipidemia: does gender alter detection, evaluation, or therapy?. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2000, 14 (2): 59-78.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Sacco DE, Albers JJ: Lipid lowering and plaque regression: New insights into prevention of plaque disruption and clinical events in coronary disease. Circulation. 1993, 87: 1781-1791.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kannel WB: Cardioprotection and anti-hypertensive therapy: The key importance of addressing the associated coronary risk factors (the Framingham experience). Am J Cardiol. 1996, 77: 6B-11B. 10.1016/S0002-9149(97)89232-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Manson JE, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Krolewski AS, Rosner B, Arky RA, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH: A prospective study of maturity-onset of diabetes mellitus and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Arch Intern Med. 1991, 151: 1141-7. 10.1001/archinte.151.6.1141.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Hankinson Se, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE: Body weight and mortality among women. N Engl J Med. 1995, 333: 677-85. 10.1056/NEJM199509143331101.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Willett WC, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH: Weight and weight change in relation to risk of coronary heart disease in women: A 14-year follow-up. JAMA. 1995, 73: 461-5. 10.1001/jama.273.6.461.
Article
Google Scholar
Jacobs DR, Mebane IL, Bandiwalis SI, Criqui MH, Tyroler HA: High density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women, the follow-up study of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1990, 13: 32-47.
Google Scholar
LaCroix AZ, Lang J, Scherr P, Wallace RB, Cornoni-Huntley J, Berkman L, Curb JD, Evans D, Hennekens CH: Smoking and mortality among older men and women in three communities. N Engl J Med. 1991, 324: 1619-25.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD: Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, and cardiovascular risks. Arch Intern Med. 1993, 153: 598-615. 10.1001/archinte.153.5.598.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL: Sex differential in ischemic heart disease mortality in diabetics: A prospective population based study. Am J Epidemiol. 1983, 118: 489-96.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mostaghel E, Waters D: Women do benefit from lipid lowering: latest clinical trial data. Cardiol Rev. 2003, 11 (1): 4-12. 10.1097/00045415-200301000-00003.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Steinberg D, Gotto AM: Preventing coronary artery disease by lowering cholesterol levels: fifty years from bench to bedside. JAMA. 1999, 282: 2043-2050. 10.1001/jama.282.21.2043.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Engberg M, Christensen B, Karlsmose B, Lous J, Lauritzen T: General health screenings to improve cardiovascular risk profiles: A randomized controlled trial in general practice with 5-year follow-up. J Fam Pract. 2002, 51: 546-552.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cui Y, Blumenthal RS, Flaws JA, Whiteman MK, Langenberg P, Bachorik PS, Bush TL: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2001, 161: 1413-1419. 10.1001/archinte.161.11.1413.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB: Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998, 97: 1837-1847.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hague W, Forder P, Simes J, Hunt D, Tonkin A: Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events and mortality in 1516 women with coronary heart disease: results from the Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) study. Am Heart J. 2003, 145 (4): 643-51. 10.1067/mhj.2003.1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol on Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report: Circulation. 2003, 106: 3143-3421.
Google Scholar
Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR: Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2002, 347: 1557-1565. 10.1056/NEJMoa021993.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mosca L: C-reactive protein-to screen or not to screen?. N Engl J Med. 2002, 347: 1615-1617. 10.1056/NEJMe020127.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Magnus P, Beaglehole R: the real contribution of the major risk factors to the coronary epidemics. Arch Intern Med. 2001, 161: 2657-2660. 10.1001/archinte.161.22.2657.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nanchahal K, Ashton WD, Wood DA: Association between blood pressure, the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in women. J Hypertens. 2000, 18 (7): 833-41. 10.1097/00004872-200018070-00003.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jairath N: Implications of gender differences on coronary artery disease risk reduction in women. AACN Clin Issues. 2001, 12 (1): 17-28. 10.1097/00044067-200102000-00004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aronow WS, Ahn C: Association of diabetes mellitus using old and new diagnostic criteria with incidence of new coronary events in older men and women. Am J Cardiol. 2000, 85 (1): 104-5. 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00616-5. A8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wenger NK: Coronary heart disease in women: evolving knowledge is dramatically changing clinical care. Women and Heart Disease. Edited by: Julian DG, Wenger NK. 1997, London: Martin Dunitz, 21-38.
Google Scholar
Douglas PS, Ginsburg GS: The evaluation of chest pain in women. N Engl J Med. 1996, 334 (20): 1311-5. 10.1056/NEJM199605163342007.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bittner V: Women and coronary heart disease risk factors. J Cardiovasc Risk. 2002, 9 (6): 315-22. 10.1097/00043798-200212000-00004.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beery TA: Gender bias in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. Heart Lung. 1995, 24 (6): 427-35. 10.1016/S0147-9563(95)80020-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roger VL, Farkouh ME, Weston SA, Reeder GS, Jacobsen SJ, Zinsmeister AR, Yawn BP, Kopecky SL, Gabriel SE: Sex Differences in Evaluation and Outcome of Unstable Angina: A Population-Based Study. JAMA. 2000, 283: 646-652. 10.1001/jama.283.5.646.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rathor SS, Chen J, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Vaccarino V, Krumholz HM: Sex differences in cardiac catheterization: the role of physician gender. JAMA. 2001, 286 (22): 2849-56. 10.1001/jama.286.22.2849.
Article
Google Scholar
Hochman JS, Tamis JE, Thompson TD, Weaver WD, White HD, Van de Werf F, Aylward P, Topol EJ, Califf RM: Sex, clinical presentation, and outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 1999, 341: 226-32. 10.1056/NEJM199907223410402.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Melton LJ: History of the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996, 71: 266-274.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kurland LT, Molgaard CA: The patient record in epidemiology. Scientific American. 1981, 245: 54-63.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
2000 US Census Data. Accessed January 2, 2007., [http://www.census.gov]
Mascioli SR, Jacobs DR, Kottke TE: Diagnostic criteria for hospitalized acute myocardial infarction: the Minnesota experience. Int J Epi. 1989, 18: 76.83-
Article
Google Scholar
Gillum RF, Fortmann SP, Prineas RJ, Kottke TE: International diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction and acute stroke. Am Heart J. 1984, 108 (1): 150-8. 10.1016/0002-8703(84)90558-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Luck J, Peabody JW, Dreswselhaus TR, Lee M, Glassman P: How well does chart abstraction measure quality? A prospective comparison of standardized patients with the medical record. Am J Med. 2000, 108 (8): 642-9. 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00363-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yawn BP, Wollan P: Interrater Reliability: Completing the Methods Description in Medical Records Review Studies. Am J Epi. 2005, 161 (10): 974-977. 10.1093/aje/kwi122.
Article
Google Scholar
Benner JS, Glynn RJ, Mogun H, Neumann PJ, Weinstein MC, Avorn J: Long-term persistence in use of statin therapy in elderly patients. JAMA. 2002, 288: 455-461. 10.1001/jama.288.4.455.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ayanian JZ, Landon BE, Landrum MB, Grana JR, McNeil BJ: Use of cholesterol-lowering therapy and related beliefs among middle-aged adults after myocardial infarction. J Gen Intern Med. 2002, 17: 95-102. 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10438.x.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Qureshi AT, Suri MF, Guterman LR, Hopkins LN: Ineffective secondary prevention in survivors of cardiovascular events in the US population: report from the Third National h and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med. 2001, 161: 1621-1628. 10.1001/archinte.161.13.1621.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Majumdar SR, Gurwitz JH, Soumerai SB: Undertreatment of hyperlipidemia in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. J Gen Intern Med. 1999, 14: 711-717. 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.02229.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schrott HG, Bittner V, Vittinghoff E, Herrington DM, Hulley S: Adherence to national cholesterol program treatment goals in postmenopausal women with heart disease: The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS). JAMA. 1997, 277: 1281-1286. 10.1001/jama.277.16.1281.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miller M, Byington R, Hunninghake D, Pitt B, Furberg CD, for the Prospective Randomized: Evaluation of the Vascular Effects of Norvasc Trial Investigators. Sex bias and underutilization of lipid-lowering therapy in patients with coronary artery disease at academic medical centers in the United States and Canada. Arch Intern Med. 2000, 160: 343-347. 10.1001/archinte.160.3.343.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pearson TA, Laurora I, Chu H, Kafonek S: The Lipid Treatment Assessment Project L-TAP): a multicenter survey to evaluate the percentages of dyslipidemic patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy and achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals. Arch Intern Med. 2000, 160: 459-467. 10.1001/archinte.160.4.459.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar