Diagnostic test (N = 36+1) | First round | Second round | Consensus round† | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inclusion | Exclusion | No expertise | Most important motivation for exclusion* | Result† | Inclusion | Exclusion | No expertise | Result† | Result† | |
1. Present dizzy symptoms | 16 | 0 | 0 | - | I | |||||
2. Medication | 16 | 0 | 0 | - | I | |||||
3. Alcohol intake | 15 | 1 | 0 | 2,5 | I | |||||
4. Medical history | 16 | 0 | 0 | - | I | |||||
II. Physical Examination | ||||||||||
Cardiovascular System | ||||||||||
5. Pulse Measurement | 13 | 3 | 0 | 3 | I | |||||
6. Blood pressure | 16 | 0 | 0 | - | I | |||||
7. Orthostatic hypotension | 10 | 6 | 0 | 1,3 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 0 | C | I |
8. Orthostatic test[58]‡ | 7 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 0 | E | |
14 | 2 | 0 | 2,3 | I | ||||||
9 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 0 | C | E | |
Extra test, added after round 1: | ||||||||||
Alternative orthostatic test§ | 2 | 12 | 2 | E | ||||||
Locomotor System | ||||||||||
9 | 3 | 4 | 3 | I | ||||||
12. Toe and heel gait[22] | 6 | 7 | 3 | 2,3 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 3 | C | E |
2 | 9 | 5 | 3 | E | ||||||
10 | 3 | 3 | 2 | I | ||||||
1 | 10 | 5 | 1 | E | ||||||
16. Berg Balance Scale | 5 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 5 | E | |
17. The timed 'up and go'-test | 5 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 5 | C | E |
Neurological System | ||||||||||
11 | 2 | 3 | 1,2,3 | I | ||||||
19. Semmes-Weinstein | 7 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 4 | C | I |
Vestibular System | ||||||||||
10 | 3 | 3 | 2,3 | I | ||||||
21. Dix-Hallpike Maneuver | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1,2 | I | |||||
22. Side-lying[42]‡ | 5 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 3 | E | |
23. Head-shaking Nystagmus [20, 39, 45, 46, 48, 50, 62, 64, 65] | 4 | 9 | 3 | 1,2 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 4 | E | |
24. Vibration-induced | 2 | 11 | 3 | 1 | E | |||||
Remaining Tests | ||||||||||
11 | 2 | 3 | 1,3 | I | ||||||
III. Additional Tests | ||||||||||
Cardiovascular System | ||||||||||
26. Electrocardiogram | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1,2,3,4 | I | |||||
27. Carotid sinus massage [19, 23, 40, 43, 49, 51, 52, 56, 66] | 3 | 11 | 2 | 1 | E | |||||
10 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 2 | 1 | I | ||
29. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate[24] | 7 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 1 | C | E |
30. Haemoglobin[24] | 13 | 1 | 2 | 3 | I | |||||
31. Non-fasting blood glucose‡ | 12 | 2 | 2 | 3 | I | |||||
32. Serum potassium level‡ | 9 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 4 | 1 | I | E|| |
33. Serum sodium level‡ | 8 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 5 | 1 | C | E |
34. Thyroid function‡ | 6 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 2 | C | E |
Psychiatric Testing | ||||||||||
35. Patient Health Questionnaire[68]‡ | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1,2 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 3 | C | I |
Vestibular System | ||||||||||
9 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 3 | I |