Total (n = 538) | Non-RTH (n = 498) | RTH (n = 40) | Non-RHT vs. RHT | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number (% out of Total/Non-RHT/RHT) or #Mean ± SD | P-value | |||
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 67.4 ± 11.5# | 67.4 ± 11.6# | 69.9 ± 10.5# | 0.820 |
Female | 279 (51.9) | 266 (53.4) | 13 (32.5) | - |
Male | 259 (48.1) | 232 (46.6) | 27 (67.5) | 0.011 |
Current smoker | 77 (14.3) | 72 (14.5) | 5 (12.5) | 0.734 |
Current drinker | 30 (5.6) | 26 (5.2) | 4 (10.0) | 0.268 |
Clinical parameters | ||||
Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2) Underweight (< 18.5) Normal (18.5–22.9) Overweight (23–24.9) Obesity (>/=25) | 11 (2.1) 114 (21.2) 103 (19.1) 310 (57.6) | 10 (2.0) 110 (22.1) 96 (19.3) 282 (56.6) | 1 (2.5) 4 (10.0) 7 (17.5) 28 (70.0) | 0.283 - - - - |
Duration of hypertension (years) | 10.1 ± 6.4# | 9.8 ± 6.2# | 13.7 ± 7.4# | < 0.001 |
Number of antihypertensive agents One Two Three Four Five | 243 (45.2) 194 (36.1) 67 (12.4) 30 (5.6) 4 (0.7) | 243 (48.8) 194 (39.0) 60 (12.0) 1 (0.2) 0 | 0 0 7 (17.5) 29 (72.5) 4 (10.0) | - - - - - |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128.8 ± 12.3# | 128.2 ± 11.7# | 136.3 ± 16.2# | 0.003 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.9 ± 10.8# | 72.8 ± 10.5# | 74.8 ± 14.0# | 0.374 |
Resistant Hypertension (RHT) | 40 (7.43) | 0 (0.0%) | 40 (100%) | - |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 216 (40.1) | 190 (38.2) | 26 (65.0) | 0.001 |
Hyperlipidaemia | 431 (80.1) | 397 (79.7) | 34 (85.0) | 0.434 |
Chronic kidney disease | 83 (15.4) | 70 (14.1) | 13 (32.5) | 0.002 |
Microalbuminuria | 86 (16.0) | 74 (14.9) | 12 (30.0) | 0.012 |
Stroke | 68 (12.6) | 59 (11.8) | 9 (22.5) | 0.051 |
Ischaemia heart disease | 55 (10.2) | 48 (9.6) | 7 (17.5) | 0.167 |
Left ventricular hypertrophy | 29 (5.4) | 24 (4.8) | 5 (12.5) | 0.055 |
Congestive heart failure | 12 (2.2) | 8 (1.6) | 4 (10.0) | 0.008 |
Atrial fibrillation | 21 (3.9) | 19 (3.8) | 2 (5.0) | 0.664 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
Gout | 34 (6.3) | 28 (5.6) | 6 (15.0) | 0.032 |
Obstructive sleep apnea | 27 (5.0) | 25 (5.6) | 2 (5.0) | 1.000 |
Benign prostatic hypertrophy | 66 (25.5, male = 259) | 61 (26.3, male = 232) | 5 (18.5, male = 27) | 0.380 |