Table 1 Baseline sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, and health literacy levels between the infographic and pamphlet groups (n = 30)

Age: median (IQR)

56 (50.2, 58.8)

55 (47, 56)

58 (54, 60)

0.042^R*

Sex [n (%)]

 Male

5 (16.7)

3 (20)

2 (13.3)

1^F

 Female

25 (83.3)

12 (80)

13 (86.7)

Education [n (%)]

 Primary school or below

17 (56.7)

9 (60)

8 (53.3)

0.713^C

 Secondary school or higher

13 (43.3)

6 (40)

7 (46.7)

Marital status [n (%)]

 Married

17 (56.7)

9 (60)

8 (53.3)

0.713^C

 Widowed/single/separated

13 (43.3)

6 (40)

7 (46.7)

Occupational [n (%)]

 Employed

18 (60)

10 (66.7)

8 (53.3)

0.456^C

 Unemployed

12 (40)

5 (33.3)

7 (46.7)

Monthly income

(Thai baht) Median (IQR)

15,000

(4,750, 20,000)

17,500

(13,750, 20,000)

10,000

(3,750, 17,000)

0.143^R

Comorbidities [n (%)]

 Hypertension

22 (75.9)

11 (78.6)

11 (73.3)

1^F

 Dyslipidemia

21 (72.4)

11 (78.6)

10 (66.7)

0.682^F

 Cerebrovascular disease

1 (3.3)

1 (7.1)

0 (0)

0.483^F

Diabetes duration

(years, mean [SD])

9.6 (7.5)

6.6 (5.3)

12.3 (8.3)

0.036^T*

HbA₁C

[mg%, median (IQR)]

7.5 (7, 7.9)

7.5 (7, 7.8)

7.1 (7, 8)

0.662^R

S-TOFHLA Thai version: pre-test

 Mean (SD)

77.30 (11.64)

75.67 (11.84)

78.93 (11.61)

0.942 ^T

Inadequate (0–66) [n (%)]

6 (20)

4 (26.7)

2 (13.3)

0.651^F

 Low (0–53)

2 (6.7)

1 (6.7)

1 (6.7)

 Medium (54–66)

4 (13.3)

3 (20)

1 (6.7)

Adequate (High = 67–100) [n (%)]

24 (80)

11 (73.3)

13 (86.7)

FCCHL Thai version: pre-test

 Mean (SD)

42.77 (4.43)

41.47 (5,67)

44.07 (2.22)

0.115 ^T

Inadequate (14–42) [n (%)]

11 (36.7)

6 (40)

5 (33.3)

 Low (14–28)

1 (3.3)

1 (6.7)

0 (0)

0.705^C

 Medium (29–42)

10 (33.3)

5 (33.3)

5 (33.3)

Adequate (High: 43–56) [n (%)]

19 (63.3)

9 (60)

10 (66.7)