Variable | CHAMPS-Group N (%) | National Controls N (%) | Local Controls N (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Period 1: Before (1998–2008) * | ||||
Overall N | 1550 | 38,154 | 2198 | |
Gender | Girls | 808 (52.1%) | 18,717 (49.1) | 1090 (49.6) |
Boys | 742 (47.9) | 19,437 (50.9) | 1108 (50.4) | |
Incomea (tertiles) | Low | 393 (25.4) | 12,650 (33.2) | 925 (42.1) |
Middle | 656 (42.3) | 12,527 (32.8) | 784 (35.7) | |
High | 501 (32.3) | 12,977 (34.0) | 489 (22.2) | |
Parents’ healthcare usageb (tertiles) | ||||
Physiotherapyc | Low | 1036 (69.0) | 25,024 (66.5) | 1478 (67.9) |
High | 466 (31.0) | 12,633 (33.5) | 698 (32.1) | |
Chiropracticc | Low | 972 (64.7) | 27,880 (74.0) | 1468 (67.5) |
High | 530 (35.3) | 9777 (26.0) | 708 (32.5) | |
General practice | Low | 454 (30.2) | 12,735 (33.8) | 590 (27.1) |
Middle | 464 (30.9) | 12,645 (33.6) | 669 (30.7) | |
High | 584 (38.9) | 12,277 (32.6) | 917 (42.1) | |
Total | Low | 405 (27.0) | 12,802 (34.0) | 572 (26.3) |
Middle | 443 (29.5) | 12,692 (33.7) | 643 (29.5) | |
High | 654 (43.5) | 12,163 (32.3) | 961 (44.2) | |
Period 2: During (2009–2014) * | ||||
Overall N | 1555 | 37.938 | 2182 | |
Gender | Girls | 808 (52.0) | 18,603 (49.0) | 1083 (49.6) |
Boys | 747 (48.0) | 19,335 (51.0) | 1099 (50.4) | |
Incomeb (tertiles) | Low | 424 (27.3) | 12,595 (33.2) | 873 (40.0) |
Middle | 593 (38.1) | 12,526 (33.0) | 773 (35.4) | |
High | 538 (34.6) | 12,817 (33.8) | 536 (24.6) | |
Period 3: After (2014–2019) * | ||||
Overall N | 1553 | 37,730 | 2176 | |
Gender | Girls | 807 (52.0) | 18,499 (49.0) | 1082 (49.7) |
Boys | 746 (48.0) | 19,231 (51.0) | 1094 (50.3) | |
Incomeb (tertiles) | Low | 396 (25.5) | 12,506 (33.1) | 918 (42.2) |
Middle | 586 (37.7) | 12,483 (33.1) | 751 (34.5) | |
High | 571 (36.8) | 12,741 (33.8) | 507 (23.3) |