Table 1 Characteristics of the total cohort and split by flare status (n(%) unless otherwise stated)
From: Cohort study investigating gout flares and management in UK general practice
All | No flares | Flares | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 51784 (100) | 33179 (64.1) | 18605 (35.9) | - | |
Follow up (years, mean (S.D.)) | 4.1 (2.1) | 3.8 (2.0) | 4.6 (2.1) | < 0.001a | |
Sex | Male | 37873 (73.1) | 23373 (70.5) | 14500 (77.9) | < 0.001b |
Female | 13909 (26.8) | 9805 (29.6) | 4,104 (22.1) | ||
Missing | 2 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | ||
Age category (years) | 20–49 | 12052 (23.3) | 7939 (23.9) | 4113 (22.1) | < 0.001b |
50–59 | 9894 (19.1) | 6564 (19.8) | 3330 (17.9) | ||
60–69 | 11980 (23.1) | 7652 (23.1) | 4328 (23.1) | ||
70–79 | 10978 (21.2) | 6600 (19.9) | 4378 (23.5) | ||
≥ 80 | 6880 (13.3) | 4424 (13.3) | 2456 (13.2) | ||
Ethnicity | White | 22693 (43.8) | 14747 (44.5) | 7946 (42.7) | < 0.001b |
Black | 4089 (7.9) | 2495 (7.5) | 1594 (8.6) | ||
South Asian | 692 (1.3) | 473 (1.4) | 219 (1.2) | ||
Mixed Race | 92 (0.2) | 63 (0.2) | 29 (0.2) | ||
Other | 985 (1.9) | 665 (2.0) | 320 (1.7) | ||
Missing | 23233 (44.9) | 14736 (44.4) | 8497 (45.7) | ||
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | < 20 | 770 (1.5) | 590 (1.8) | 180 (1.0) | < 0.001b |
20–24.9 | 8080 (15.6) | 5610 (16.9) | 2470 (13.3) | ||
25–29.9 | 19014 (36.7) | 12074 (36.4) | 6940 (37.3) | ||
30–34.9 | 12813 (24.7) | 7976 (24.0) | 4837 (26.0) | ||
≥ 35 | 7402 (14.3) | 4486 (13.5) | 2916 (15.7) | ||
Missing | 3705 (7.2) | 2443 (7.4) | 1262 (6.8) | < 0.001b | |
Alcohol consumption (units/week) | 0 | 4580 (8.8) | 2880 (8.7) | 1700 (9.1) | |
1–9 | 9310 (18.0) | 6074 (18.3) | 3236 (17.4) | ||
10–24 | 9346 (18.1) | 5855 (17.7) | 3491 (18.8) | ||
25–42 | 3336 (6.4) | 2049 (6.2) | 1287 (6.9) | ||
> 42 | 1713 (3.3) | 1069 (3.2) | 644 (3.5) | ||
Missing | 23499 (45.4) | 15252 (46.0) | 8247 (44.3) | ||
Type 1 Diabetes | Yes | 274 (0.5) | 181 (0.5) | 93 (0.5) | 0.62 |
Type 2 Diabetes | Yes | 6189 (12.0) | 3813 (11.5) | 2376 (12.8) | < 0.001b |
Hypertension | Yes | 24024 (46.4) | 14628 (44.1) | 9396 (50.5) | < 0.001b |
Heart failure | Yes | 2877 (5.6) | 1386 (4.2) | 1491 (8.0) | < 0.001b |
CVD | Yes | 11302 (21.8) | 6519 (19.7) | 4783 (25.7) | < 0.001b |
Diuretic | Yes | 16116 (31.1) | 9293 (28.0) | 6823 (36.7) | < 0.001b |
Aspirin | Yes | 8827 (17.1) | 5221 (15.7) | 3606 (19.4) | < 0.001b |
CKD | No CKD | 40664 (78.5) | 27034 (81.5) | 13630 (73.3) | < 0.001b |
Stage 3 | 9786 (18.9) | 5413 (16.3) | 4373 (23.5) | ||
Stage 4 | 911 (1.8) | 472 (1.4) | 439 (2.4) | ||
Stage 5 | 423 (0.8) | 260 (0.9) | 163 (0.8) | ||
Serum Urate category (µmol/L) | < 360 | 3981 (7.7) | 3461 (10.4) | 520 (2.8) | < 0.001b |
360–419 | 5075 (9.8) | 3689 (11.1) | 1386 (7.5) | ||
420–479 | 9254 (17.9) | 5922 (17.9) | 3335 (17.9) | ||
480–539 | 7202 (13.9) | 4074 (12.3) | 3128 (16.8) | ||
≥ 540 | 5210 (10.1) | 2437 (7.6) | 2773 (14.9) | ||
Missing | 21062 (40.7) | 13596 (41.0) | 7466 (40.13) | ||
ULT started | Yes | 14318 (27.7) | 5302 (16.0) | 9016 (48.5) | < 0.001b |
Time to ULT (days, mean and S.D.) | 1036 (731) | 800 (679) | 1174 (725) | < 0.001a |