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Table 2 Association between ADL limitations and family doctor contract services

From: Activities of daily living limitations and family doctor contract services among overweight and obese older adults: is there a rural-urban difference?

Characteristics

Model 1a

 

Model 2b

 

Model 3c

 

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Main terms

      

ADL limitations (No Ref)

      

 Yes

1.32 (1.08, 1.62)

0.006

1.27 (1.02, 1.58)

0.033

0.57 (0.29, 1.15)

0.118

Residence (Urban Ref)

      

 Rural

  

0.59 (0.51, 0.68)

< 0.001

0.56 (0.48, 0.65)

< 0.001

Interaction term

      

ADL limitations × Residence

(Without ADL limitations × Urban Ref)

     

ADL limitations × Rural

    

1.64 (1.08, 2.48)

0.020

Controls

      

Age

  

1.01 (1.00, 1.03)

0.023

1.01 (1.00, 1.03)

0.018

Gender (Male Ref)

      

 Female

  

0.90 (0.76, 1.08)

0.254

0.90 (0.77, 1.07)

0.246

Education (Illiterate Ref)

      

 Primary school

  

0.72 (0.60, 0.86)

< 0.001

0.72 (0.60, 0.87)

< 0.001

 Middle school

  

0.62 (0.50, 0.76)

< 0.001

0.62 (0.50, 0.76)

< 0.001

 High school and above

 

0.64 (0.50, 0.82)

< 0.001

0.64 (0.50, 0.82)

< 0.001

Marital status d (Single Ref)

     

 Married

  

1.33 (1.09, 1.62)

0.006

1.33 (1.09, 1.63)

0.005

Household income e (Q1 Ref)

     

 Q2

  

1.21 (0.99, 1.47)

0.063

1.20 (0.99, 1.47)

0.066

 Q3

  

1.01 (0.84, 1.22)

0.902

1.01 (0.84, 1.21)

0.931

 Q4

  

0.70 (0.57, 0.86)

0.001

0.70 (0.57, 0.85)

< 0.001

Medical insurance (No Ref)

      

 Yes

  

3.57 (1.93, 6.62)

< 0.001

3.61 (1.94, 6.69)

< 0.001

The time to the nearest clinic (minutes) (≤ 10 Ref)

     

 >10

  

0.88 (0.72, 1.07)

0.203

0.88 (0.72, 1.07)

0.200

Smoking (No Ref)

      

 Yes

  

0.72 (0.59, 0.89)

0.002

0.73 (0.60, 0.89)

0.002

Drinking (No Ref)

      

 Yes

  

1.13 (0.95, 1.35)

0.173

1.13 (0.94, 1.35)

0.186

Self-rated health (Very good Ref)

      

 Good

  

1.40 (1.14, 1.72)

0.001

1.40 (1.14, 1.73)

0.001

 Fair

  

1.29 (1.07, 1.55)

0.008

1.29 (1.08, 1.56)

0.006

 Poor

  

1.46 (1.16, 1.81)

0.001

1.45 (1.16, 1.80)

0.001

 Very poor

  

1.43 (1.12, 1.82)

0.004

1.43 (1.12, 1.82)

0.004

Chronic health conditions

(No chronic condition Ref)

    

 One chronic condition

 

1.38 (1.18, 1.60)

< 0.001

1.37 (1.18, 1.60)

< 0.001

 Multimorbidity

  

1.57 (1.31, 1.88)

< 0.001

1.57 (1.31, 1.88)

< 0.001

  1. Note:
  2. Statistically significant p < 0.05 values are indicated in bold
  3. a Model 1: Unadjusted;
  4. b Model 2: Additionally adjusted for gender, residence, age, education, marriage status, household income, medical insurance, the time to the nearest clinic, smoking, drinking, self-rated health and chronic health conditions;
  5. c Model 3: Adjusted for model 2 criteria and the interaction between activities of daily living and residence;
  6. d Singles include those who are unmarried (35, 0.82%), divorced (14, 0.33%) and widowed (519, 12.21%);
  7. e Quartile 1 (Q1) was the poorest and Quartile 4 (Q4) was the richest
  8. Abbreviations: ADL = Activities of daily living; CI = Confidence interval; OR = odds ratio
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