Table 3 Gears model of factors affecting interprofessional collaboration

Individual

Beliefs

Micro/practice

Team structure (e.g., champion, size, infrastructure)

Social processes (e.g., conflict resolution, open communication, supportive colleagues)

Formal processes (e.g., team meetings, decision-making, group problem solving, role clarity, shared responsibility)

Team attitudes (e.g., feeling part of the team, support for innovation)

Meso/institutional

Organizational culture (e.g., respect, hierarchy, focus on efficiency and achievement)

Formal information systems (e.g., electronic medical records, quality improvement)

Macro/structural

Clinician education and training (e.g., competencies)

Economics (e.g., funding, remuneration)

Legal and regulatory context (e.g., accountability)