Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the total cohort and by intervention group (HC) and control group (no HC) at baseline
Covariates | Total | No HC (Control) | HC (Intervention) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | n = 1109 | n = 767 | n = 342 |  |
Age child [years]a | 6.9 (SD = 3.4) | 6.9 (SD = 3.4) | 7.01 (SD = 3.3) | 0.476 |
Girlsb | 446 (40%) | 311 (41%) | 135 (39%) | 0.787 |
Age father [years]a | 41.1 (SD = 6.1) | 41.0 (SD = 6.1) | 41.4 (SD = 6.2) | 0.252 |
Age mother [years]a | 38.1 (SD = 5.2) | 38.0 (SD = 5.4) | 38.3 (SD = 4.9) | 0.506 |
Highest educational level of both parentsb | ||||
 low | 106 (10%) | 73 (10%) | 33 (10%) | 0.821 |
 medium | 433 (39%) | 304 (40%) | 129 (38%) |  |
 high | 569 (51%) | 389 (51%) | 180 (53%) |  |
Diagnosis group child**b | ||||
 Head and abdominal pain, somatoform | 227 (20%) | 171 (22%) | 56 (16%) | 0.030 |
 Developmental disorder of speech and language | 582 (52%) | 443 (58%) | 139 (41%) |  < 0.001 |
 Conduct disorder | 272 (25%) | 168 (22%) | 104 (30%) | 0.003 |
 Non-organic enuresis | 96 (9%) | 36 (5%) | 60 (18%) |  < 0.001 |
Health-related quality of life | ||||
 KINDL-R parent proxy-report (n = 891) | ||||
  KINDL-R total parent proxy reporta | 79.9 (10.7) | 79.9 (10.6) | 79.9 (11.1) | 0.990 |
  KINDL-R subscales parent proxy reportsa | ||||
  Physical well-being | 80.7 (17.1) | 80.7 (17.0) | 80.8 (17.3) | 0.899 |
  Emotional well-being | 85.1 (13.1) | 85.1 (12.9) | 85 (13.6) | 0.874 |
  Self-worth | 75 (14.2) | 75.1 (14.3) | 74.7 (14.1) | 0.730 |
  Well-being in the family | 80 (13.9) | 79.8 (13.9) | 80.3 (13.9) | 0.626 |
  Well-being related to friends | 79.8 (14.8) | 79.9 (15) | 79.4 (14.3) | 0.647 |
  School-related well-being | 79 (17.1) | 78.7 (17.1) | 79.6 (17.2) | 0.493 |
 KINDL-R child self-report (n = 163) | ||||
  KINDL-R total child self-reporta | 72 (14.5) | 71.6 (14.7) | 72.9 (14) | 0.581 |
  KINDL-R subscales child self-reportsa | ||||
  Physical well-being | 72.3 (19.8) | 72.9 (19.4) | 70.9 (20.8) | 0.547 |
  Emotional well-being | 75.9 (17.1) | 75.3 (17.6) | 77.7 (15.7) | 0.417 |
  Self-worth | 64.3 (17.8) | 63.6 (18.3) | 66 (16.7) | 0.439 |
  Well-being in the family | 77.8 (18.9) | 76.8 (19.5) | 80.2 (17.5) | 0.306 |
  Well-being related to friends | 71.8 (20.2) | 71.4 (21.0) | 72.9 (18.1) | 0.672 |
  School-related well-being | 69.4 (19.9) | 69.1 (19.8) | 70.1 (20.4) | 0.770 |
VAS parental health-related quality of life (n = 1083) | ||||
 VASa | 84.4 (SD = 14.5) | 84.2 (SD = 15) | 84.8 (SD = 13.1) | 0.528 |