Table 2 Differences in patient activation according to sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics and health-related behaviours
From: Patient activation in adults attending appointments in general practice: a cross-sectional study
PAM-13 scores (0–100) | PAM-13 levels | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 4 | |||||
N | Mean ± SD | p | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p | |
Total population | 1,173 | 69.8 ± 14.8 | - | 67 (5.7) | 74 (6.3) | 619 (52.8) | 413 (35.2) | - |
Sex | .002 | < .001 | ||||||
Men | 544 | 68.3 ± 15.0 | 36 (6.6) | 47 (8.6) | 300 (55.2) | 161 (29.6) | ||
Women | 629 | 71.1 ± 14.4 | 31 (4.9) | 27 (4.3) | 319 (50.7) | 252 (40.1) | ||
Age categories | .243 | .162 | ||||||
< 45 years | 305 | 68.4 ± 14.1 | 19 (6.2) | 21 (6.9) | 173 (56.7) | 92 (30.2) | ||
45–54 years | 212 | 69.9 ± 12.5 | 8 (3.8) | 11 (5.2) | 126 (59.4) | 67 (31.6) | ||
55–64 years | 271 | 70.4 ± 16.0 | 16 (5.9) | 20 (7.4) | 131 (48.3) | 104 (38.4) | ||
> 64 years | 385 | 70.5 ± 15.4 | 24 (6.2) | 22 (5.7) | 189 (49.1) | 150 (39.0) | ||
Living situation | .774 | .121 | ||||||
Live with others | 841 | 70.0 ± 14.5 | 42 (5.0) | 50 (5.9) | 448 (53.3) | 301 (35.8) | ||
Live alone | 229 | 69.7 ± 16.1 | 20 (8.7) | 16 (7.0) | 109 (47.6) | 84 (36.7) | ||
Educational level | .226 | .314 | ||||||
Primary/secondary | 814 | 69.5 ± 15.0 | 53 (6.5) | 53 (6.5) | 427 (52.5) | 281 (34.5) | ||
University/college | 359 | 70.6 ± 14.3 | 14 (3.9) | 21 (5.9) | 192 (53.5) | 132 (36.8) | ||
Work situationa | .243 | .276 | ||||||
Fulltime work | 509 | 69.9 ± 14.5 | 27 (5.3) | 34 (6.7) | 275 (54.0) | 173 (34.0) | ||
Part-time work | 138 | 69.8 ± 12.7 | 4 (2.9) | 8 (5.8) | 79 (57.2) | 47 (34.1) | ||
On benefits | 106 | 66.9 ± 15.7 | 12 (11.3) | 6 (5.7) | 58 (54.7) | 30 (28.3) | ||
Retired | 361 | 70.7 ± 15.4 | 20 (5.5) | 22 (6.1) | 175 (48.5) | 144 (39.9) | ||
Other | 56 | 69.5 ± 15.5 | 3 (5.4) | 3 (5.4) | 31 (55.3) | 19 (33.9) | ||
Smoking habits | .243 | .256 | ||||||
Never smoked | 436 | 70.7 ± 14.9 | 23 (5.3) | 25 (5.7) | 217 (49.8) | 171 (39.2) | ||
Former smoker | 556 | 69.4 ± 15.1 | 33 (5.9) | 39 (7.0) | 295 (53.1) | 189 (34.0) | ||
Current smoker | 178 | 68.8 ± 13.3 | 11 (6.2) | 10 (5.6) | 106 (59.6) | 51 (28.7) | ||
BMI categories | .236 | .077 | ||||||
< 25 kg/m2 | 447 | 70.7 ± 14.9 | 23 (5.2) | 23 (5.2) | 231 (51.6) | 170 (38.0) | ||
25–30 kg/m2 | 473 | 69.6 ± 15.4 | 34 (7.2) | 32 (6.8) | 238 (50.3) | 169 (35.7) | ||
≥ 30 kg/m2 | 253 | 68.8 ± 13.2 | 10 (4.0) | 19 (7.5) | 150 (59.3) | 74 (29.2) | ||
Daily intake of vegetables, fruits or berries | .001 | < .001 | ||||||
No | 216 | 66.8 ± 14.4 | 13 (6.0) | 24 (11.1) | 126 (58.3) | 53 (24.5) | ||
Yes | 950 | 70.5 ± 14.8 | 54 (5.7) | 50 (5.2) | 487 (51.3) | 359 (37.8) | ||
Exercise regularity | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
Never | 26 | 65.0 ± 17.2 | 3 (11.5) | 4 (15.4) | 13 (50.0) | 6 (23.1) | ||
Less than weekly | 155 | 66.9 ± 23.9 | 6 (5.2) | 14 (12.2) | 67 (58.3) | 28 (24.3) | ||
Once a week | 183 | 66.6 ± 14.5 | 10 (5.5) | 16 (8.7) | 113 (61.8) | 44 (24.0) | ||
2–3 times a week | 482 | 69.8 ± 15.1 | 33 (6.9) | 28 (5.8) | 242 (50.2) | 179 (37.1) | ||
Nearly every day | 342 | 72.7 ± 14.3 | 14 (4.1) | 11 (3.2) | 171 (50.0) | 146 (42.7) | ||
Exercise intensityb | .083 | .572 | ||||||
Light | 326 | 68.6 ± 14.8 | 19 (5.8) | 25 (7.7) | 172 (52.8) | 110 (33.7) | ||
Medium | 722 | 70.7 ± 14.8 | 40 (5.5) | 35 (4.9) | 381 (52.8) | 266 (36.8) | ||
Hard | 30 | 71.5 ± 13.7 | 2 (6.7) | 2 (6.7) | 13 (43.3 | 13 (43.3 | ||
Exercise average time | .031 | .022 | ||||||
< 15 min | 36 | 65.2 ± 14.7 | 4 (11.1) | 4 (11.1) | 20 (55.6) | 8 (22.2) | ||
16—30 min | 229 | 68.2 ± 13.7 | 12 (5.2) | 18 (7.8) | 135 (59.0) | 64 (28.0) | ||
30 min—1 h | 629 | 70.6 ± 14.9 | 40 (6.3) | 30 (4.8) | 317 (50.4) | 242 (38.5) | ||
> 1 h | 194 | 70.8 ± 15.4 | 6 (3.1) | 11 (5.7) | 101 (52.0) | 76 (39.2) | ||