Table 1 The study sample’s sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics and health-related behaviours
From: Patient activation in adults attending appointments in general practice: a cross-sectional study
Total study sample | Self-reported diabetes | Elevated T2D riska | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Yes | No | ||||
N = 1,173 | n = 128 | n = 1,045 | p | n = 256 | n = 789 | p | |
Sex | .495 | .866 | |||||
Men | 544 (46.4) | 63 (49.2) | 481 (46.0) | 119 (46.5) | 362 (45.9) | ||
Women | 629 (53.6) | 65 (50.8) | 564 (54.0) | 137 (53.5) | 427 (54.1) | ||
Age (years) | 54.9 ± 16.0 | 62.7 ± 11.2 | 53.9 ± 16.3 | < .001 | 55.6 ± 15.5 | 53.3 ± 16.4 | .044 |
Age categories | < .001 | .130 | |||||
< 45 years | 305 (26.9) | 10 (7.8) | 295 (28.2) | 64 (25.0) | 231 (29.3) | ||
45–54 years | 212 (18.1) | 16 (12.5) | 196 (18.8) | 53 (20.7) | 143 (18.1) | ||
55–64 years | 271 (23.1) | 42 (32.8) | 229 (21.9) | 48 (18.8) | 181 (22.9) | ||
> 64 years | 385 (32.8) | 60 (46.9) | 325 (31.1) | 91 (35.5) | 234 (29.7) | ||
Living situation | .172 | .034 | |||||
Live with others | 841 (71.7) | 87 (68.0) | 754 (72.1) | 170 (66.4) | 584 (74.0) | ||
Live alone | 229 (19.5) | 31 (24.2) | 198 (19.0) | 59 (23.1) | 139 (17.6) | ||
Educational level | .062 | < .001 | |||||
Primary/secondary school | 814 (69.4) | 98 (76.6) | 716 (68.5) | 198 (77.3) | 518 (65.7) | ||
University/college education | 359 (30.6) | 30 (23.4) | 329 (31.5) | 58 (22.7) | 271 (34.3) | ||
Work situationb | .009 | .002 | |||||
Fulltime work | 509 (43.4) | 43 (33.6) | 466 (44.6) | 100 (39.0) | 366 (46.4) | ||
Part-time work | 138 (11.7) | 10 (7.8) | 128 (12.2) | 26 (10.2) | 102 (12.9) | ||
On benefits | 106 (9.0) | 17 (13.3) | 89 (8.5) | 36 (14.1) | 53 (6.7) | ||
Retired | 361 (30.8) | 53 (41.4) | 308 (29.5) | 83 (32.4) | 225 (28.5) | ||
Other | 56 (4.8) | 5 (3.9) | 51 (4.9) | 10 (3.9) | 41 (5.2) | ||
Smoking habits | .042 | .059 | |||||
Never smoked | 436 (37.2) | 40 (31.3) | 396 (37.9) | 88 (34.4) | 308 (39.0) | ||
Former smoker | 556 (47.4) | 74 (57.8) | 482 (46.1) | 134 (52.3) | 348 (44.1) | ||
Current smoker | 178 (15.1) | 14 (10.9) | 164 (15.7) | 33 (12.9) | 131 (16.6) | ||
Waist circumference | 94.1 ± 14.2 | 103.1 ± 13.9 | 93.0 ± 13.8 | < .001 | 106.9 ± 11.7 | 88.6 ± 11.3 | < .001 |
BMI (categories) | < .001 | < .001 | |||||
< 25 kg/m2 | 447 (38.1) | 30 (23.4) | 418 (39.9) | 12 (4.7) | 405 (51.3) | ||
25–30 kg/m2 | 473 (40.3) | 50 (39.1) | 423 (40.5) | 39 (15.2) | 384 (48.7) | ||
≥ 30 kg/m2 | 253 (21.6) | 48 (37.5) | 205 (19.6) | 205 (80.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Daily intake of vegetables, fruits or berries | .256 | .485 | |||||
No | 216 (18.4) | 19 (14.8) | 197 (18.8) | 52 (20.3) | 145 (18.4) | ||
Yes | 950 (81.0) | 109 (85.2) | 841 (80.5) | 202 (78.9) | 639 (81.0) | ||
Exercise regularity | .044 | ||||||
Never | 26 (2.2) | 6 (4.7) | 20 (1.9) | 8 (3.1) | 12 (1.5) | < .001 | |
Less than weekly | 115 (9.8) | 17 (13.3) | 98 (9.4) | 41 (16.0) | 57 (7.2) | ||
Once a week | 183 (15.6) | 21 (16.4) | 162 (15.5) | 47 (18.4) | 115 (14.6) | ||
2–3 times a week | 482 (41.1) | 40 (31.2) | 442 (42.3) | 86 (33.6) | 356 (45.1) | ||
Nearly every day | 342 (29.2) | 42 (32.8) | 300 (28.7) | 66 (25.8) | 234 (29.7) | ||
Exercise intensityc | .093 | < .001 | |||||
Light | 326 (27.8) | 44 (34.4) | 282 (27.0) | 90 (35.2) | 192 (24.3) | ||
Medium | 722 (61.6) | 66 (51.6) | 656 (62.8) | 132 (51.6) | 524 (66.4) | ||
Hard | 30 (2.6) | 4 (3.1) | 26 (2.5) | 2 (0.8) | 24 (3.0) | ||
Exercise average time | .415 | .374 | |||||
< 15 min | 36 (3.1) | 6 (4.7) | 30 (2.9) | 10 (3.9) | 20 (2.5) | ||
15—30 min | 229 (19.5) | 28 (21.9) | 201 (19.2) | 51 (19.9) | 150 (19.0) | ||
30 min—1 h | 629 (53.6) | 64 (50.0) | 565 (54.1) | 129 (50.4) | 436 (55.3) | ||
> 1 h | 194 (16.5) | 17 (13.3) | 177 (16.9) | 36 (14.1) | 141 (17.9) | ||
FINDRISC score | 9.5 ± 5.3 | 17.2 ± 4.3 | 8.6 ± 4.6 | < .001 | 13.4 ± 3.4 | 7.1 ± 3.8 | < .001 |