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Table 5 CMOc of core members

From: Realist approach to community-based participatory research on a community health break-down in Japan: mechanism reasoning, knowledge and a trust partnership

1. Community residents

 Context

Established women’s association. Anxiety regarding community health for aged people. Anxiety regarding weakening of human relations in the community.

 Mechanism (intervention/resources)

Set up a community health study group creating a guidebook for community healthcare. Made a place to stay and communicate for community members.

 Mechanism (reasoning)(Purpose)

Good timing due to the establishment of women’s association and working on solving local issues. Anxiety about super-aging society, from worry to practice. Anxiety stimulated efforts to deepen and spread connections with people.

 Outcome

Many activities began: Communication among residents, recognition of community health, recognition of residents' role in community-integrated care, and helping with community medicine. Active interactions with people.

2. Community nurses

 Context

Head nurse responsible for home care. Need quality improvement of home care. Participated in community-integrated care system.

 Mechanism (intervention/resources)

Set up a study group. Made a vision and quality improvement for community nurses.

 Mechanism (reasoning)(Purpose)

Occupational love by head nurse for colleagues and community members. Good opportunities for education. Community nursed received a good evaluation.

 Outcome

Increase the number of nurses and home care patients. Became top-level home care nurse station in the prefecture. Improvement of the quality of care for patients.

3. Doctor (program deputy manager)

 Context

Anxiety as a head doctor in a hospital due to a decreasing number of doctors. Community health challenges for patients and hospital stuffs.

 Mechanism (intervention/resources)

Started a residency programme for GPs in the community hospital. Helping home care nurses. Participated in community-integrated care.

 Mechanism (reasoning)(Purpose)

This programme began during a difficult time for the hospitals. Good motivation for the programme and efforts to improve the hospital’s quality of care and academic level.

 Outcome

Increase in the number of doctors and nurses at the hospital. Improved quality of care for home care and community-integrated care.

4. Administrative officers

 Context

Needed solutions for community issues.

 Mechanism (intervention/resources)

Support from programme for public relations, reports, and distribution.

 Mechanism (reasoning)(Purpose)

Support from programmes and mutual understanding among community members and medical professionals.

 Outcome

Established horizontal connections among city hall departments.