Table 1 Sociodemographic and asthma characteristics according to investigator-classified asthma severity and practice type
Sociodemographic and asthma characteristics | All (N = 405) | Primary care (n = 222) | Specialist care (n = 183) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mild asthma (n = 208) | Moderate-to-severe asthma (n = 14) | All (n = 222) | Mild asthma (n = 100) | Moderate-to-severe asthma (n = 83) | All (n = 183) | ||||
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||||
Age (years), mean (SD) | 44.4 (14.0) | 44.1 (13.6) | 48.0 (9.5) | 44.3 (13.4) | 44.4 (14.5) | 44.6 (14.9) | 44.5 (14.7) | ||
Age groups | |||||||||
12–17 years | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
≥ 18–54 years | 309 (76.3) | 163 (78.4) | 12 (85.7) | 175 (78.8) | 72 (72) | 62 (74.7) | 134 (73.2) | ||
≥ 55 years | 96 (23.7) | 45 (21.6) | 2 (14.3) | 47 (21.2) | 28 (28) | 21 (25.3) | 49 (26.8) | ||
Total | 405 | 208 | 14 | 222 | 100 | 83 | 183 | ||
Sex (female) | 279 (68.9) | 146 (70.2) | 10 (71.4) | 156 (70.3) | 66 (66) | 57 (68.7) | 123 (67.2) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||
Mean (SD) | 26.2 (5.1) | 26.2 (5.1) | 27.3 (7.1) | 26.3 (5.3) | 26.4 (5.0) | 25.8 (4.6) | 26.1 (4.8) | ||
Median (min, max) | 25.9 (16.3, 42.5) | 25.9 (16.3, 42.5) | 25.6 (18.0, 40.9) | 25.9 (16.3, 42.5) | 26.2 (16.9, 42.5) | 25.7 (16.3, 41.8) | 26.0 (16.3, 42.5) | ||
BMI group (kg/m2) | |||||||||
< 18.5 | 22 (5.4) | 9 (4.3) | 1 (7.1) | 10 (4.5) | 6 (6) | 6 (7.2) | 12 (6.6) | ||
≥ 18.5–24.9 | 152 (37.5) | 83 (39.9) | 6 (42.9) | 89 (40.1) | 34 (34) | 29 (34.9) | 63 (34.4) | ||
≥ 25–29.9 | 150 (37) | 72 (34.6) | 2 (14.3) | 74 (33.3) | 42 (42) | 34 (41) | 76 (41.5) | ||
≥ 30 | 81 (20) | 44 (21.2) | 5 (35.7) | 49 (22.1) | 18 (18) | 14 (16.9) | 32 (17.5) | ||
Smoking status history | |||||||||
Active smoker | 4 (1) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (7.1) | 4 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Former smoker | 45 (11.1) | 24 (11.5) | 2 (14.3) | 26 (11.7) | 12 (12) | 7 (8.4) | 19 (10.4) | ||
Nonsmoker | 356 (87.9) | 181 (87) | 11 (78.6) | 192 (86.5) | 88 (88) | 76 (91.6) | 164 (89.6) | ||
Number of comorbidities | |||||||||
0 | 300 (74.1) | 149 (71.6) | 11 (78.6) | 160 (72.1) | 82 (82) | 58 (69.9) | 140 (76.5) | ||
1–2 | 101 (24.9) | 57 (27.4) | 3 (21.4) | 60 (27) | 18 (18) | 23 (27.7) | 41 (22.4) | ||
3–4 | 3 (0.7) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.5) | ||
≥ 5 | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.5) | ||
Education level | |||||||||
Primary school | 154 (38) | 99 (47.6) | 4 (28.6) | 103 (46.4) | 26 (26) | 25 (30.1) | 51 (27.9) | ||
Secondary school | 84 (20.7) | 52 (25) | 1 (7.1) | 53 (23.9) | 19 (19) | 12 (14.5) | 31 (16.9) | ||
High school | 79 (19.5) | 35 (16.8) | 4 (28.6) | 39 (17.6) | 27 (27) | 13 (15.7) | 40 (21.9) | ||
University and/or postgraduate education | 81 (20) | 17 (8.2) | 5 (35.7) | 22 (9.9) | 26 (26) | 33 (39.8) | 59 (32.2) | ||
Unknown | 7 (1.7) | 5 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 5 (2.3) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) | ||
Healthcare insurance/medication funding | |||||||||
Not reimbursed | 239 (59) | 131 (63) | 8 (57.1) | 139 (62.6) | 63 (63) | 37 (44.6) | 100 (54.6) | ||
Partially reimbursed | 83 (20.5) | 66 (31.7) | 0 (0) | 66 (29.7) | 11 (11) | 6 (7.2) | 17 (9.3) | ||
Fully reimbursed | 79 (19.5) | 11 (5.3) | 6 (42.9) | 17 (7.7) | 22 (22) | 40 (48.2) | 62 (33.9) | ||
Unknown | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (4) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.2) | ||
Asthma characteristics | |||||||||
Asthma duration (years) | |||||||||
Mean (SD) | 13.5 (11.4) | 13.9 (11.2) | 22.2 (14.6) | 14.4 (11.6) | 13.0 (11.8) | 11.7 (10.0) | 12.4 (11.0) | ||
Median (min, max) | 10.0 (1.0, 58.0) | 11.0 (1.0, 58.0) | 19.5 (4.0, 52.0) | 11.0 (1.0, 58.0) | 9.5 (1.0, 50.0) | 8.0 (1.0, 47.0) | 9.0 (1.0 50.0) | ||
Number of severe asthma exacerbations 12 months before the study visit | |||||||||
Mean (SD) | 2.1 (3.8) | 2.3 (4.8) | 1.6 (1.3) | 2.2 (4.6) | 2.0 (1.7) | 2.0 (3.3) | 2.0 (2.6) | ||
Median (min, max) | 1.0 (0.0, 36.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 36.0) | 1.5 (0.0, 4.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 36.0) | 2.0 (0.0, 10.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 20.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 20.0) | ||
Number of severe asthma exacerbations 12 months before the study visit | |||||||||
0 | 156 (38.5) | 89 (42.8) | 4 (28.6) | 93 (41.9) | 25 (25) | 38 (45.8) | 63 (34.4) | ||
1 | 71 (17.5) | 39 (18.8) | 3 (21.4) | 42 (18.9) | 16 (16) | 13 (15.7) | 29 (15.8) | ||
2 | 66 (16.3) | 29 (13.9) | 3 (21.4) | 32 (14.4) | 24 (24) | 10 (12) | 34 (18.6) | ||
≥ 3 | 112 (27.7) | 51 (24.5) | 4 (28.6) | 55 (24.8) | 35 (35) | 22 (26.5) | 57 (31.1) | ||
GINA classification | |||||||||
Step 1 | 71 (17.5) | 41 (19.7) | 0 (0) | 41 (18.5) | 30 (30) | 0 (0) | 30 (16.4) | ||
Step 2 | 237 (58.5) | 167 (80.3) | 0 (0) | 167 (75.2) | 70 (70) | 0 (0) | 70 (38.3) | ||
Step 3 | 70 (17.3) | 0 (0) | 8 (57.1) | 8 (3.6) | 0 (0) | 62 (74.7) | 62 (33.9) | ||
Step 4 | 27 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 6 (42.9) | 6 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 21 (25.3) | 21 (11.5) | ||
Step 5 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Level of asthma symptom control | |||||||||
Well controlled | 89 (22) | 44 (21.2) | 4 (28.6) | 48 (21.6) | 11 (11) | 30 (36.1) | 41 (22.4) | ||
Partly controlled | 187 (46.2) | 88 (42.3) | 5 (35.7) | 93 (41.9) | 62 (62) | 32 (38.6) | 94 (51.4) | ||
Uncontrolled | 129 (31.9) | 76 (36.5) | 5 (35.7) | 81 (36.5) | 27 (27) | 21 (25.3) | 48 (26.2) | ||