Table 1 Characteristics of parent respondents
|  | Total n (%)/ Mean ± SD/ Median (Q1, Q3) | Rural N = 167 n (%)/ Mean ± SD/ Median (Q1, Q3) | Urban N = 258 n (%)/ Mean ± SD/ Median (Q1, Q3) | χ2/Za/t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parent | Â | Â | Â | 6.00 | 0.014 |
 Father | 89 (20.9) | 45 (26.9) | 44 (17.1) |  |  |
 Mother | 336 (79.1) | 122 (73.1) | 214 (82.9) |  |  |
Parents’ age (years) | 31.83 ± 4.62 | 30.65 ± 5.30 | 32.60 ± 3.95 | -4.16 |  < 0.001 |
Education level |  |  |  | 66.08 |  < 0.001 |
 High school or lower | 65 (15.3) | 55 (32.9) | 10 (3.9) |  |  |
 College or higher | 360 (84.7) | 112 (67.1) | 248 (96.1) |  |  |
Occupation |  |  |  | 60.73 |  < 0.001 |
 Full-time parent | 31 (7.3) | 24 (14.4) | 7 (2.7) |  |  |
 Low skilled job | 46 (10.8) | 30 (18.0) | 16 (6.2) |  |  |
 Civil servant | 47 (11.1) | 24 (14.4) | 23 (8.9) |  |  |
 Skilled professionals | 272 (64.0) | 71 (42.5) | 201 (77.9) |  |  |
 Other | 29 (6.8) | 18 (10.8) | 11 (4.3) |  |  |
Monthly income per capita (CNY) | 4166.67 (2500, 6250) | 3125 (2500, 4375) | 4375 (3500, 8333.33) | -7.16 |  < 0.001 |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | 0.49 | 0.483 |
 Married | 415 (97.7) | 162 (97.0) | 253 (98.1) |  |  |
 Otherb | 10 (2.3) | 5 (3.0) | 5 (1.9) |  |  |
Number of children | Â | Â | Â | 4.24 | 0.120 |
 1 | 256 (60.2) | 91 (54.5) | 165 (64.0) |  |  |
 2 | 162 (38.1) | 72 (43.1) | 90 (34.9) |  |  |
  >  = 3 | 7 (1.6) | 4 (2.4) | 3 (1.2) |  |  |
Age of the youngest child (months) | 22.50 ± 13.54 | 23.47 ± 13.48 | 21.87 ± 13.57 | 1.19 | 0.236 |
Other caregivers caring for the child | |||||
 Spouse | 281 (66.8) | 108 (65.5) | 173 (67.6) | 0.20 | 0.652 |
 Grandparents | 318 (75.5) | 116 (70.3) | 202 (78.9) | 4.02 | 0.045 |
 Others | 44(10.5) | 16(9.7) | 28(10.9) | 0.17 | 0.685 |