Psychosocial factors and caregiver burden among primary family caregivers of frail older adults with multimorbidity

Table 4 Factors associated with caregiver burden as measured by ZBI score

	Odds Ratio	95% CI^#. for EXP(B)		^∞Sig
	Odds Ratio	Lower	Upper	^∞Sig
Age of caregiver	1	0.95	1.06	0.99
Gender
Male	REF^ǂ
Female	0.5	0.17	1.46	0.20
Ethnicity
Chinese	REF
Non-Chinese	0.6	0.18	2.22	0.47
Marital Status
Never Married	REF
Married	2.4	0.53	10.91	0.25
Separated/ Divorced/ Widowed	0.6	0.07	5.61	0.66
Education
No Formal Education	REF
Primary	5.2	0.79	34.31	0.09
Secondary	5.0	0.63	39.37	0.13
Diploma/University	4.3	0.46	39.33	0.20
Main work status over the last 12 months
Full-time work	REF
Part-time work	0.6	0.13	3.16	0.59
Homemaker	1.1	0.22	5.80	0.88
Unemployed/ Student/ Retired	1.3	0.24	7.48	0.75
Relationship with the care recipient
Spouse	REF
Child	2.2	0.35	13.71	0.40
Others	4.5	0.43	48.26	0.21
Dwelling
HDB 1–3 room flat	REF
HDB 4/5 room/ Executive flat	4.4	1.39	13.72	0.01*
Condominiums/ Landed property/ others	0.3	0.04	2.21	0.24
Living with Care Recipient
No	REF
Yes	0.8	0.27	2.42	0.69
Receiving Financial Support
No	REF
Yes	1.4	0.32	6.43	0.63
Presence of Alternative Caregivers
No	REF
Yes	3.3	1.09	10.19	0.04*
Use of community resources in the last 3 months
No	REF
Yes	4.4	1.15	16.83	0.03*
Duration of Caregiving, years	0.9	0.87	1.04	0.31
Time Spent Caregiving per week, hrs	1.1	1.02	1.10	0.003*
Caregiving Competence Scale Score	0.7	0.58	0.96	0.02*
Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale Score	1	0.87	1.17	0.91
Social Support Survey Score	0.8	0.74	0.89	< 0.001*

ISSN: 2731-4553