Table 3 Relationship between general and COVID-19-related characteristics of nursing homes and COVID-19 cases, visiting restrictions for GPs, and deficits in GP care

General characteristics of nursing homes

 Size

  Small (1–50 residents)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

  Medium (51–100 residents)

1.9 (1.2 – 2.8)

0.003

0.9 (0.6 – 1.2)

0.484

0.7 (0.4 – 1.0)

0.050

0.9 (0.5 – 1.7)

0.739

  Large (> 100 residents)

4.0 (2.5 – 6.3)

 < 0.001

0.8 (0.5 – 1.2)

0.332

0.6 (0.3 – 1.0)

0.042

0.5 (0.2 – 1.2)

0.100

 Ownership

  Private

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

  Non-Profit

0.9 (0.5 – 1.7)

0.838

1.3 (0.8 – 2.2)

0.332

1.3 (0.7 – 2.5)

0.453

1.5 (0.6 – 3.7)

0.381

  Public

0.9 (0.7 – 1.3)

0.675

0.9 (0.7 – 1.3)

0.698

1.1 (0.7 – 1.6)

0.808

0.7 (0.4 – 1.3)

0.309

  Cooperation/Contract with GP (yes)

0.7 (0.5 – 1.1)

0.107

0.8 (0.5 – 1.1)

0.186

0.9 (0.6 – 1.5)

0.750

0.5 (0.3 – 1.0)

0.066

  Employed GP in facility (yes)

0.7 (0.2 – 2.4)

0.603

0.7 (0.2 – 2.0)

0.479

1.2 (0.3 – 4.4)

0.776

1.2 (0.1 – 10.0)

0.874

  Dementia as focus of care (yes)

1.0 (0.6 – 1.7)

0.880

1.6 (1.0 – 2.5)

0.029

1.6 (1.0 – 2.7)

0.073

2.1 (1.0 – 4.4)

0.039

COVID-19-related characteristics

 COVID-19 incidence on the state level in Germany^a

  1–99

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

  100–199

2.4 (1.0 – 5.9)

0.062

1.1 (0.6 – 2.0)

0.863

1.6 (0.7 – 4.1)

0.289

0.9 (0.3 – 2.8)

0.832

  200–299

3.2 (1.3 – 7.9)

0.013

0.9 (0.5 – 1.8)

0.850

1.1 (0.4 – 2.8)

0.890

0.6 (0.2 – 2.0)

0.391

  > 300

3.9 (1.6 – 9.8)

0.004

2.3 (1.2 – 4.5)

0.011

1.3 (0.5 – 3.4)

0.539

0.5 (0.2 – 1.8)

0.308

  COVID-19 cases in nursing homes (yes)^b

-

-

0.9 (0.6 – 1.2)

0.511

1.5 (1.0 – 2.3)

0.058

1.7 (0.9 – 3.0)

0.100

 COVID-19-related burden

  Acquisition and utilisation of infection control equipment (masks, protective clothing, etc.)

   None/moderate burden

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Strong/very strong burden

0.7 (0.5 – 1.0)

0.068

1.1 (0.8 – 1.5)

0.539

1.3 (0.9 – 2.0)

0.139

1.5 (0.8 – 2.6)

0.188

  Compliance with hygiene guidelines of RKI

   None/moderate burden

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Strong/very strong burden

1.2 (0.8 – 1.6)

0.379

1.0 (0.7 – 1.3)

0.978

1.1 (0.8 – 1.6)

0.618

1.6 (0.9 – 3.0)

0.127

  Economic Problems (staff shortage, deviations from the working time act)

   None/moderate burden

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Strong/very strong burden

1.3 (1.0 – 1.8)

0.085

1.0 (0.8 – 1.4)

0.921

1.4 (0.9 – 2.0)

0.104

1.7 (0.9 – 3.0)

0.090

  Insufficient testing for SARS-CoV-2 infections among residents

   None/moderate burden

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Strong/very strong burden

1.6 (1.1 – 2.1)

0.007

1.1 (0.8 – 1.4)

0.680

1.0 (0.7 – 1.5)

0.946

1.9 (1.1 – 3.5)

0.029

  Concerns about SARS-CoV-2 infections among residents

   None/moderate burden

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Strong/very strong burden

1.4 (0.8 – 2.6)

0.274

1.0 (0.6 – 1.7)

0.965

1.5 (0.7 – 3.3)

0.307

1.9 (0.5 – 8.4)

0.375

   Visiting restrictions for GPs (yes)

0.9 (0.6 – 1.2)

0.480

-

-

2.1 (1.4 – 3.1)

 < 0.001

1.0 (0.6 – 1.8)

0.974