Table 1 Patient characteristics, top 10 symptoms & diseases and top 10 prescriptions of the cohort from 2013 to 2016
Cohort 2013–2016 (N = 930,590) | ||||||
Non-pSS (N = 929,179) | pSS (N = 1411) | |||||
Female (%) | 487,657 (52.5) | 1014 (71.9) | ||||
Mean age female ± SD | 45.9 ± 22.3 | 60.5 ± 16.9 | ||||
Mean age male ± SD | 45.0 ± 22.3 | 64.0 ± 15.9 | ||||
ICPC top 10 | Female non-pSS | Male non-pSS | Female pSS | Male pSS | ||
< 45 years (N = 219,619) | > 45 years (N = 268,038) | All ages (N = 441,522) | < 45 years (N = 182) | > 45 years (N = 832) | All ages (N = 397) | |
1. | General weakness (A04) | No disease (A97) | No disease (A97) | General weakness (A04) | General weakness (A04) | No disease (A97) |
2. | No disease (A97) | High blood pressure (K86) | High blood pressure (K86) | No disease (A97) | No disease (A97) | General weakness (A04) |
3. | Constipation (D12) | General weakness (A04) | General weakness (A04) | Stomach pain (D02) | Other general disease (A99) | Other general diseases (A99) |
4. | Generalized abd. Pain (D01) | Other general disease (A99) | Other general disease (A99) | Allergy (A12) | Allergy (A12) | Abnormal results (A91) |
5. | Allergy (A12) | Abnormal results (A91) | Excessive ear wax (H81) | Other local abd. Pain (D06) | High blood pressure (K86) | Stomach pain (D02) |
6. | Fever (A03) | Stomach pain (D02) | Allergy (A12) | Other general sympt. (A29) | Stomach pain (D02) | Constipation (D12) |
7. | Refractive errors (F91) | Other general sympt. (A29) | Abnormal results (A91) | Constipation (D12) | Abnormal results (A91) | High blood pressure (K86) |
8. | Other general disease (A99) | Excessive ear wax (H81) | Stomach pain (D02) | Accident/injury (A80) | Adverse effect meds (A85) | Other local abd. Pain (D06) |
9. | Other local abd. Pain (D06) | Allergy (A12) | Refractive errors (F91) | Iron deficiency anemia (B80) | Other general sympt. (A29) | Abnormal sensations eye (F13) |
10. | Upper resp. infection (R74) | Other local abd. Pain (D06) | Asthma (R96) | Irritable bowel syndr. (D93) | Other local abd. Pain (D06) | Allergy (A12) |
ATC-3 top 10 | Female non-pSS | Male non-pSS | Female pSS | Male pSS | ||
< 45 years (N = 219,619) | > 45 years (N = 268,038) | All ages (N = 441,522) | < 45 years (N = 182) | > 45 years (N = 832) | All ages (N = 397) | |
1. | Hormonal contraceptives (G03A) | Peptic ulcer and GORD (A02B) | Lipid modifying agents (C10A) | Hormonal contraceptives (G03A) | Peptic ulcer and GORD (A02B) | Peptic ulcer and GORD (A02B) |
2. | Antidepressants (N06A) | Lipid modifying agents (C10A) | Antithrombotic agents (B01A) | Antidepressants (N06A) | Lipid modifying agents (C10A) | Heparin group (B01A) |
3. | Antihistamines (R06A) | Beta blocking agents (C07A) | Peptic ulcer and GORD (A02B) | Peptic ulcer and GORD (A02B) | Antithrombotic agents (B01A) | Lipid modifying agents (C10A) |
4. | Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic products, NS (M01A) | Antithrombotic agents (B01A) | Beta blocking agents (C07A) | Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic products, NS (M01A) | Other ophthalmologicals (S01X) | Beta blocking agents (C07A) |
5. | Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use (R01A) | Antidepressants (N06A) | Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl insulins (A10B) | Other ophthalmologicals (S01X) | Beta blocking agents (C07A) | ACE inhibitors, plain (C09A) |
6. | Corticosteroids, plain (D07A) | Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl insulins (A10B) | ACE inhibitors, plain (C09A) | Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use (R01A) | Antidepressants (N06A) | Other ophthalmologicals (S01X) |
7. | Adrenergics, inhalants (R03A) | ACE inhibitors, plain (C09A) | Antidepressants (N06A) | Anxyiolytics (N05B) | Hypnotics and sedatives (N05C) | Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy (G04C) |
8. | Beta-lactam antibacterials (J01C) | Anxyiolytics (N05B) | Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic products, NS (M01A) | Antihistamines (R06A) | Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl insulins (A10B) | Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl insulins (A10B) |
9. | Drugs for constipation (A06A) | Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic products, NS (M01A) | Adrenergics, inhalants (R03A) | Opioids (N02A) | Opioids (N02A) | Selective calcium channel blockers, vascular (C08C) |
10. | Peptic ulcer and GORD (A02B) | Hypnotics and sedatives (N05C) | Selective calcium channel blockers, vascular (C08C) | Corticosteroids, plain (D07A) | Calcium (A12A) | Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic products, NS (M01A) |