Table 4 Subgroup analysis for the odds of overweight/ obesity in highest versus lowest screen-user adolescents

Total

44

1.273 1.166 1.390

< 0.001

< 0.001

82.1

Continent

< 0.001

 America

11

1.115 1.002 1.241

0.046

0.083

39.9

 Europe

10

1.080 0.966 1.208

0.276

0.002

66.2

 Asia

11

2.014 1.450 2.798

< 0.001

< 0.001

90.9

 Oceania

8

1.099 0.927 1.304

0.278

0.056

49.1

 Africa

4

1.646 1.018 2.660

0.042

< 0.001

86.9

Screen type

< 0.001

 TV

16

1.813 1.420 2.315

< 0.001

< 0.001

86.7

 PC

3

1.467 0.950 2.265

0.509

0.159

45.7

 VG

5

1.114 0.808 1.536

0.084

0.014

67.9

 TV + VG

5

1.094 0.959 1.248

0.184

0.107

47.5

 VG + PC

2

1.106 1.030 1.187

0.005

0.612

0

 TV + VG + PC

13

1.068 0.974 1.172

0.163

0.002

60.7

Age group

< 0.001

  < 15

23

1.375 1.131 1.672

0.001

< 0.001

81.9

  ≥ 15

6

1.470 1.076 2.008

0.016

< 0.001

82.8

 Both

15

1.126 1.032 1.228

0.008

< 0.001

76.4

Setting

< 0.001

 School

31

1.405 1.228 1.608

< 0.001

< 0.001

86.6

 Community

13

1.109 1.040 1.182

0.002

0.229

21.2

Obesity status

< 0.001

 Obesity

11

1.109 0.964 1.275

0.150

0.001

67.0

 Overweight

9

1.567 1.282 1.916

< 0.001

< 0.001

84.1

 Overweight/ obesity

24

1.271 1.105 1.463

0.001

< 0.001

87

Sample size

< 0.001

 1000 >

11

2.024 1.303 3.144

0.002

< 0.001

90.9

 1000–5000

27

1.121 1.049 1.198

0.001

< 0.001

59.9

  ≥ 5000

6

1.323 1.017 1.722

0.037

0.001

75.7

Study quality *

< 0.001

 Low

0

–

–

–

–

 Moderate

31

1.259 1.085 1.461

< 0.001

< 0.001

80.3

 High

13

1.282 1.146 1.435

0.002

< 0.001

84.4

Adjusted covariates

< 0.001

 Age, sex, nationality, SES

7

1.239 1.116 1.377

< 0.001

0.586

0

 Age, sex, nationality, SES, other demographic variables

14

1.454 1.251 1.690

< 0.001

< 0.001

87.3

 Age, sex, nationality, SES, other demographic variables, dietary habits

23

1.091 0.982 1.212

0.107

< 0.001

64.8