Table 1 Pre-operative Characteristics
| Â | Preoperative Classification based on Community-Dispensing of Opioids via the Pharmaceutical Information Network (PIN) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Opioid Naive (n = 55) | Intermittent Opioid Users (n = 26) | Long-term Opioid Users (n = 19) | ||
Mean Age (SD) | 61.5 (12.9) | 61.8 (13.1) | 60.3 (10.1) | 0.93 |
Sex, n (%) | ||||
 Female | 25 (45.5) | 11 (42.3) | 10 (52.6) | 0.77 |
 Male | 30 (54.5) | 15 (57.7) | 9 (47.4) | |
Mean BMI (SD) | 31.2 (5.5) | 33.2 (6.7) | 35.1 (7.4) | 0.05 |
Smoking history, n (%) | 5 (9.1) | 8 (30.8) | 4 (21.1) | 0.04 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
 0–1 | 18 (32.7) | 7 (26.9) | 2 (10.5) | 0.41 |
 2–4 | 31 (56.4) | 17 (65.4) | 15 (78.9) | |
  > 4 | 6 (10.9) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (10.5) | |