Table 1 Characteristics of adults filling out the Hungarian version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire in primary care
Gender (%) | |
Males | 237 (48.2%) |
Females | 255 (51.8%) |
Age (years) | 65.4 ± 11.7 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.8 ± 5.9 |
Type of diabetes (%) | |
Type 1 diabetes | 27 (5.5%) |
Type 2 diabetes | 465 (94.5%) |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 12.4 ± 9.7 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.14 ± 1.38 |
Diabetes therapy | |
Noninsulin therapy | |
Metformin | 358 (72.8%) |
Sulfonylurea and glinides | 108 (21.9%) |
Acarbose | 10 (2.0%) |
Pioglitazone | 1 (0.2%) |
DPP-4 inhibitor | 69 (14.0%) |
SGLT-2 inhibitor | 26 (5.3%) |
GLP-1 receptor antagonist | 16 (3.3%) |
Insulin therapy | |
Basal or premix insulin | 75 (15.2%) |
Insulin intensive conservative therapy | 110 (22.4%) |
Intensity of diabetes therapy | |
No medical therapy (beyond lifestyle advice) | 16 (3.3%) |
1, OAD monotherapy (metformin) | 174 (35.4%) |
2, Dual therapy (metformin + other oral agent with intermediate efficacy) | 39 (7.9%) |
3, Dual therapy (metformin + other noninsulin agent with high efficacy) | 48 (9.8%) |
4, Triple therapy without insulin | 30 (6.1%) |
5, Basal or premix insulin (± other noninsulin agents) | 75 (15.2%) |
6, Insulin intensive conservative therapy (± other noninsulin agents) | 110 (22.4%) |
Late complications of diabetes (%) | |
With late complication | 199 (40.45%) |
Number of complications per affected person | 1.73 |
Detailed late complications of diabetes (%) | |
Retinopathy | 75 (15.2%) |
Nephropathy | 74 (15.0%) |
Neuropathy | 105 (21.3%) |
Diabetic foot | 43 (8.7%) |
Cardiovascular disease (%) | 222 (45.1%) |
DSMQ points | |
Sum Scale | 7.08 ± 1.52 |
Glucose management subscale (GM) | 7.26 ± 1.87 |
Dietary control subscale (DC) | 6.80 ± 1.99 |
Physical activity subscale (PA) | 6.12 ± 2.87 |
Healthcare use subscale (HU) | 7.99 ± 1.91 |