From: Effects of the scope of practice on family physicians: a systematic review
Study 1. Authors 2. Publication year 3. Study design 4. Country | Population characteristics | Exposure and outcome characteristics | Effect of exposure on outcome | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Initial sample size 2. Profile 3. Clinical experience | 4. Age (in years) 5. Number of women 6. Settings | 1. Exposure name 2. Exposure measurement 3. Exposure category | 4. Outcome name 5. Outcome measurement 6. Outcome category | 1. Effect estimation methods 2. Crude effect (95%CI; p-value) 3. Adjusted effect (95%CI; p-value) 4. Sample size analyzed | |
1. Ward 2. 2020 3. Cross-sectional 4. USA | 1. N = 2740 2. Family physicians 3. NR | 4. Mean age = NR (NR) 5. n = 1228 6. American Board of Family Medicine | 1. Scope of practice 2. Scope of Practice for Primary Care (SP4PC) Score 3. Clinical practice | 4. Burnout 5. Self-reported two validated single-item questions 6. Physician clinical status | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 0.98 (0.96–1.01; NR) 4. N = 2740 |
1. Mooser 2. 2020 3. Cross-sectional 4. Switzerland | 1. N = 199 2. Family physicians 3. NR | 4. Mean age = 55.0 (8.0) 5. n = 44 6. Primary care physicians’ associations | 1. Administrative overload 2. 60-question postal questionnaire 3. Non-clinical activities | 4. Loss of meaning in work 5. 60-question postal questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Logistic regression models 2. OR = 4.53 (2.28–9.01; NR) 3. OR = 4.18 (2.04–8.58; NR) 4. N = 190 |
1. Teaching activity 2. 60-question postal questionnaire 3. Non-clinical activities | 4. Loss of meaning in work 5. 60-question postal questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Logistic regression models 2. OR = 0.52 (0.29; 0.91; NR) 3. OR = 0.50 (0.27–0.90; NR) 4. N = 190 | |||
1. Weidner 2. 2018 3. Cross-sectional 4. USA | 1. N = 1617 2. Family physicians 3. NR | 4. Mean age = 35.9 (4.4) 5. n = 948 6. Multiple clinical settings | 1. Practicing inpatient medicine 2. Survey items 3. Clinical practice | 4. Burnout 5. Maslach Burnout Inventory 6. Physician clinical status | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 0.70 (0.56–0.87; 0.0017) 4. N = 1617 |
1. Practicing obstetrics 2. Survey items 3. Clinical practice | 4. Burnout 5. Maslach Burnout Inventory 6. Physician clinical status | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 0.64 (0.47–0.88; 0.0058) 4. N = 1617 | |||
1. Pediatric ambulatory care 2. Survey items 3. Clinical practice | 4. Burnout 5. Maslach Burnout Inventory 6. Physician clinical status | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 0.88 (0.66–1.19; 0.4200) 4. N = 1617 | |||
1. Rodrigues 2. 2016 3. Cohort 4. Portugal | 1. N = 421 2. Family physicians 3. NR | 4. Median age = 55 5. n = 214 6. Primary care and hospital | 1. Public and private practice 2. Questionnaire 3. Practice settings | 4. Quality of antibiotic prescribing 5. European Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption 6. Physician performance | 1. Generalized linear mixed models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 1.13 (0.58–2.22; NR) 4. N = 95 |
1. Hospital and primary care settings 2. Questionnaire 3. Practice settings | 4. Quality of antibiotic prescribing 5. European Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption 6. Physician performance | 1. Generalized linear mixed models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 0.76 (0.39–1.49; NR) 4. N = 96 | |||
1. Emergency activity 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical practice | 4. Quality of antibiotic prescribing 5. European Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption 6. Physician performance | 1. Generalized linear mixed models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 0.29 (0.16–0.54; NR) 4. N = 280 | |||
1. Nisen 2. 2016 3. Cross-sectional 4. USA | 1. N = 2329 2. Family physicians 3. ≥21 years, n = 961 [11–20], n = 779 ≤10 years, n = 589 | 4. Mean age = 55.0 (NR) 5. n = 857 6. NR | 1. Performs endometrial biopsies 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Providing IUD insertion 5. Do you regularly perform IUD insertion? Yes, or no 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 16.88 (12.21–23.35; NR) 4. NR |
1. Performs endometrial biopsies 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Providing Long-acting contraception insertion or removal 5. Do you regularly perform implantable long-acting contraception insertion or removal? Yes, or no 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 3.90 (2.54–5.95; NR) 4. NR | |||
1. Performs implant insertions and removals 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Providing IUD insertion 5. Do you regularly perform IUD insertion? Yes, or no 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 9.04 (5.94–13.75; NR) 4. NR | |||
1. Performs IUD insertion 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Providing Long-acting contraception insertion or removal 5. Do you regularly perform implantable long-acting contraception insertion or removal? Yes, or no 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 8.92 (5.93–13.43; NR) 4. NR | |||
1. Performs skin procedures 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Providing IUD insertion 5. Do you regularly perform IUD insertion? Yes, or no 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 1.63 (0.96–2.77; NR) 4. NR | |||
1. Performs skin procedures 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Providing Long-acting contraception insertion or removal 5. Do you regularly perform implantable long-acting contraception insertion or removal? Yes, or no 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 3.14 (1.50–6.59; NR) 4. NR | |||
1. Provides prenatal care and deliveries 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Providing IUD insertion 5. Do you regularly perform IUD insertion? Yes, or no 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 3.37 (1.99–5.69; NR) 4. NR | |||
1. Provides prenatal care and deliveries 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Providing Long-acting contraception insertion or removal 5. Do you regularly perform implantable long-acting contraception insertion or removal? Yes, or no 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 1.76 (1.14–2.72; NR) 4. NR | |||
1. Provides prenatal care no deliveries 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Providing IUD insertion 5. Do you regularly perform IUD insertion? Yes, or no 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 3.40 (1.90–6.10; NR) 4. NR | |||
1. Provides prenatal care no deliveries 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Providing Long-acting contraception insertion or removal 5. Do you regularly perform implantable long-acting contraception insertion or removal? Yes, or no 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 1.35 (0.75–2.43; NR) 4. NR | |||
1. Peterson 2. 2015 3. Cross-sectional 4. USA | 1. N = 8838 2. Family physicians 3. NR | 4. Mean age = 51.0 (8.5) 5. n = 3403 6. Urban settings | 1. Clinical activities 2. Scope of Practice for Primary Care (SP4PC) scale 3. Clinical practices | 4. Maintenance of family physician certification 5. Maintenance of certification for family physicians’ examination score 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 1.08 (1.06–1.11; NR) 4. NR |
1. N = 2140 2. Family physicians 3. NR | 4. Mean age = 51.9 (8.6) 5. n = 623 6. Rural settings | 1. Clinical activities 2. Scope of Practice for Primary Care (SP4PC) scale 3. Clinical practices | 4. Maintenance of family physician certification 5. Maintenance of certification for family physicians’ examination score 6. Physician performance | 1. Logistic regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 1.11 (1.07–1.16; NR) 4. NR | |
1. Wenghofer 2. 2009 3. Cross-sectional 4. USA | 1. N = 532 2. Family physicians 3. NR | 4. Mean age = 51 (9.91) 5. n = 59 6. clinics and hospitals | 1. Focused practice scope 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Managing patients with chronic conditions 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR |
1. Focused practice scope 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Providing patients with continuity of care and referrals 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Focused practice scope 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Providing patients with well care and health maintenance 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Focused practice scope 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Managing patient records 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Focused practice scope 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Managing patients with acute conditions and new presentations 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Holds Active Hospital appointment 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Managing patients with chronic conditions 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Holds Active Hospital appointment 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Providing patients with continuity of care and referrals 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Holds Active Hospital appointment 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Providing patients with well care and health maintenance 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Holds Active Hospital appointment 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Managing patient records 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = 0.08 (0.01–0.15; NR) 4. NR | |||
1. Holds Active Hospital appointment 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Managing patients with acute conditions and new presentations 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Episodic care practice/walk-in clinic 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Managing patients with chronic conditions 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = −0.166 (−0.31 - -0.03; NR) 4. NR | |||
1. Episodic care practice/walk-in clinic 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Providing patients with continuity of care and referrals 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Episodic care practice/walk-in clinic 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Providing patients with well care and health maintenance 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Episodic care practice/walk-in clinic 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Managing patient records 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Episodic care practice/walk-in clinic 2. Extracted from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario registry or self-reported by family physicians 3. Clinical practices | 4. Managing patients with acute conditions and new presentations 5. Multiple-item measure scores on physician ranging from 1 to 4 6. Physician performance | 1. Linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Regression coefficient = NR (NR; p>0.05) 4. NR | |||
1. Thind 2. 2009 3. Cross-sectional 4. Canada | 1. N = 719 2. Family physicians 3. NR | 4. Mean age = 48.4 (NR) 5. n = 415 6. NR | 1. Teaching activities 2. Questionnaire 3. Variety of activities | 4. Family physician satisfaction 5. How satisfied are you with your current practice? Score ranged from 1 to 5; Score = 5 very satisfied <5 not very satisfied 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Generalized linear mixed models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. OR = 2.59 (NR; 0.000) 4. N = 620 |
1. Rivet 2. 2007 3. Cross-sectional 4. Canada | 1. N = 20,507 2. Family physicians 3. NR | 4. Mean age = NR (NR) 5. n = 7134 6. All except free-standing walk-in clinics, nursing homes, hospital inpatient units, or emergency departments | 1. Variety of procedures done 2. List of 18 procedures 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Family physician satisfaction 5. Three items of satisfaction in the survey. Score ranged from 3 to 21 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Multiple linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Standardized regression coefficient = 0.04 (NR; 0.001) 4. N = 16,877 |
4. Mean age = NR (NR) 5. n = 7134 6. Private offices or clinics, community clinics or health centres, or academic family medicine teaching units | 1. Teaching 2. Self-report questionnaire 3. Variety of activities | 4. Family physician satisfaction 5. Three items of satisfaction in the survey. Score ranged from 3 to 21 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Multiple linear regression models 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. Standardized regression coefficient = 0.52 (NR; 0.000) 4. N = 16,877 | ||
1. Cavanagh 2. 2006 3. Cross-sectional 4. Canada | 1. N = 182 2. Family physicians 3. Mean = 16.5 years | 4. Mean age = NR (NR) 5. n = 79 6. Province of Newfoundland: Urban, Semi urban, and Rural | 1. Perform deliveries 2. Adaptation of the questionnaire used by Carroll et al. 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Offering maternal serum screening to all pregnant patients 5. Adaptation of the questionnaire used by Carroll et al. 6. Physician performance | 1. Chi-square test 2. OR = 4.31 (1.81–10.22; NR) 3. NR (NR; NR) 4. N = 119 |
1. Perform deliveries 2. Adaptation of the questionnaire used by Carroll et al. 3. Clinical procedures | 4. Offering maternal serum screening to all pregnant patients 5. Adaptation of the questionnaire used by Carroll et al. 6. Physician performance | 1. Chi-square test 2. OR = 4.87 (1.81–10.22; NR) 3. NR (NR; NR) 4. N = 87 | |||
1. Eliason 2. 2000 3. Cross-sectional 4. USA | 1. N = 712 2. Family physicians 3. Median = 22 years | 4. Mean age = NR (NR) 5. n = 121 6. Multiple settings | 1. Inpatient care practices 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Security (Family physician personal value) 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analysis of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 700 |
1. Inpatient care practices 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Hedonism (Family physician personal value) 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 704 | |||
1. Inpatient care practices 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Universalism (Family physician personal value) 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 701 | |||
1. Inpatient care practices 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Conformity (Family physician personal value) 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 704 | |||
1. Inpatient care practices 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Power (Family physician personal value) 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; = 0.01) 4. N = 703 | |||
1. Inpatient care practices 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Benevolence (Family physician personal value) 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 706 | |||
1. Inpatient care practices 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Self-direction (Family physician personal value) 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 698 | |||
1. Inpatient care practices 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Stimulation (Family physician personal value) 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 699 | |||
1. Inpatient care practices 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Achievement (Family physician personal value) 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 703 | |||
1. Inpatient care practices 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Tradition (Family physician personal value) 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 695 | |||
1. Multiple practice 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Satisfaction 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 712 | |||
1. Teaching medical trainees 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Diversity of activities | 4. Hedonism 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; = 0.006) 4. N = 704 | |||
1. Teaching medical trainees 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Diversity of activities | 4. Universalism 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 701 | |||
1. Teaching medical trainees 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Diversity of activities | 4. Conformity 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 704 | |||
1. Teaching medical trainees 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Diversity of activities | 4. Power 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 703 | |||
1. Teaching medical trainees 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Diversity of activities | 4. Benevolence 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 706 | |||
1. Teaching medical trainees 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Diversity of activities | 4. Self-direction 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 698 | |||
1. Teaching medical trainees 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Diversity of activities | 4. Stimulation 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 699 | |||
1. Teaching medical trainees 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Diversity of activities | 4. Achievement 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 703 | |||
1. Teaching medical trainees 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Diversity of activities | 4. Tradition 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 695 | |||
1. Teaching medical trainees 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Diversity of activities | 4. Security 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; = 0.004) 4. N = 700 | |||
1. Obstetric practice 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Hedonism 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; = 0.02) 4. N = 704 | |||
1. Obstetric practice 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Universalism 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; = 0.02) 4. N = 701 | |||
1. Obstetric practice 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Conformity 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; = 0.05) 4. N = 704 | |||
1. Obstetric practice 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Power 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 703 | |||
1. Obstetric practice 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Benevolence 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 706 | |||
1. Obstetric practice 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Self-direction 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 698 | |||
1. Obstetric practice 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Stimulation 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 699 | |||
1. Obstetric practice 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Achievement 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 703 | |||
1. Obstetric practice 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Tradition 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; > 0.05) 4. N = 695 | |||
1. Obstetric practice 2. The Schwartz values questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Security 5. The Schwartz values questionnaire 6. Psychosocial outcomes | 1. Analyse of variance and regression analysis 2. NR (NR; NR) 3. NR (NR; = 0.004) 4. N = 700 | |||
1. Vinson 2. 1996 3. Cross-sectional 4. USA | 1. N = 22 2. Family physicians 3. NR | 4. NR (NR) 5. NR 6. Clinics and hospitals | 1. Teaching 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Time spent at work 5. Objective measure 6. Physician performance | 1. Paired t test 2. Mean difference = 52 (16–88; = 0.007) 3. NR (NR; NR) 4. N = 22 |
1. Teaching 2. Questionnaire 3. Clinical practices | 4. Number of patients seen per hour 5. Objective measure 6. Physician performance | 1. Paired t test 2. Mean difference = −0.6 (−1.1, −0.1; = 0.03) 3. NR (NR; NR) 4. N = 22 |