Predictor Variables | Un adjusted mean | (SD) | Adjusted mean | (SD) | β | 95% C.I | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of chronic condition(s) | |||||||
 1 or 2 | 68.5 | (16.0) | 69.6 | (2.5) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 ≥ 3 | 64.9 | (16.8) | 66.5 | (2.5) | −0.045 | (0.102, 0.12) | 0.12 |
Age (years) | |||||||
 < 50 | 62.8 | (19.1) | 63.2 | (3.2) | −0.100 | (− 0.199. -0.001) | 0.05 |
 50–54 | 68.8 | (16.2) | 71.4 | (3.3) | 0.021 | (−0.058, 0.101) | 0.60 |
 55–59 | 66.5 | (16.8) | 68.0 | (2.7) | −0.027 | (−0.095, 0.041) | 0.43 |
 60–64 | 68.0 | (15.0) | 69.9 | (2.7) | REFERENCE | – | – |
Sex | |||||||
 Male | 66.8 | (16.1) | 67.8 | (2.6) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Female | 67.1 | (16.7) | 68.3 | (2.4) | 0.006 | (0.053, 0.066) | 0.84 |
Ethnicity | |||||||
 Chinese | 66.8 | (16.2) | 67.4 | (2.5) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Non-Chinese | 67.9 | (17.5) | 68.7 | (2.9) | 0.019 | (0.064, 0.101) | 0.66 |
Main Spoken Language | |||||||
 English | 67.4 | (16.3) | 69.4 | (2.8) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Mandarin | 66.4 | (16.4) | 66.8 | (2.7) | −0.038 | (−0.110, 0.034) | 0.31 |
 Malay/Tamil/ Others | 67.8 | (16.9) | 68.0 | (3.1) | −0.021 | (−0.106, 0.065) | 0.64 |
Marital Status | |||||||
 Married | 67.3 | (16.0) | 68.7 | (2.8) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Othersa | 65.8 | (18.0) | 67.4 | (2.6) | −0.018 | (−0.097, 0.061) | 0.65 |
Education | |||||||
 Primary/ No formal | 67.8 | (16.4) | 70.1 | (3.0) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Secondary | 67.3 | (15.7) | 68.6 | (2.8) | −0.022 | (−0.091,0.048) | 0.54 |
 Post-secondary | 65.5 | (17.7) | 65.5 | (2.6) | −0.068 | (− 0.156, 0.020) | 0.13 |
Employment | |||||||
 Employed | 67.1 | (16.5) | 68.6 | (2.4) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Unemployed/ Retired | 66.7 | (16.3) | 67.5 | (2.7) | −0.016 | (−0.081, 0.049) | 0.62 |
Monthly Household Income | |||||||
 < $2000 | 64.7 | (18.0) | 64.8 | (2.8) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 $2000–$3999 | 68.8 | (14.6) | 70.4 | (2.9) | 0.083 | (−0.002, 0.168) | 0.06 |
 $4000–$5999 | 66.0 | (18.0) | 68.2 | (3.2) | 0.051 | (−0.042, 0.144) | 0.28 |
 ≥ $6000 | 68.6 | (14.9) | 70.7 | (3.6) | 0.087 | (−0.015, 0.189) | 0.09 |
 Not disclosed | 66.5 | (16.7) | 66.4 | (2.9) | 0.025 | (−0.066, 0.116) | 0.59 |
Dwelling | |||||||
 Institution/ HDB 1–3 room | 68.9 | (19.0) | 70.0 | (2.7) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 HDB 4 room | 65.1 | (16.1) | 65.9 | (2.7) | −0.061 | (−0.135, 0.013) | 0.11 |
 Other dwellingsb | 67.9 | (14.6) | 68.3 | (2.9) | −0.026 | (− 0.106, 0.054) | 0.53 |
Home Ownership | |||||||
 Owner-occupied | 67.2 | (15.8) | 68.9 | (2.3) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Not owner-occupied | 64.7 | (21.2) | 67.2 | (3.4) | −0.026 | (−0.127, 0.076) | 0.62 |
Living Arrangement | |||||||
 Living alone | 70.3 | (21.7) | 71.0 | (4.1) | REFERENCE | – | – |
 Living with others | 66.7 | (16.0) | 65.2 | (1.9) | −0.086 | (−0.204, 0.033) | 0.16 |