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Table 1 Sociodemographic variables of Nocturnal Enuretic’s and Non-enuretic’s (n = 429)

From: Frequency and features of nocturnal enuresis in Pakistani children aged 5 to 16 years based on ICCS criteria: a multi-center cross-sectional study from Karachi, Pakistan

Variable

Nocturnal Enuretic’s (n = 183)

Non-enuretic’s (n = 246)

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)

P-Value

Gender

 Boys

104 (56.8)

139 (56.5)

1.005 (0.70–1.44)

0.96

 Girls

79 (43.2)

107 (44.5)

1

Age of child

 5 to 7 years

83 (45.4)

104 (42.6)

1.146 (0.54–2.41)

0.97

 8 to 10 years

55 (30)

73 (29.9)

1.097 (0.51–2.35)

 11 to 13 years

32 (17.5)

51 (20.9)

1.209 (0.54–2.69)

  > 13 years

13 (7.1)

18 (6.6)

1

Birth Order of Child

 1st

64 (35.0)

85 (34.8)

1.091 (0.64–1.85)

0.67

 2nd

58 (31.7)

72 (29.5)

0.979 (0.57–1.67)

 3rd

28 (15.3)

46 (18.9)

1.351 (0.74–2.5)

 4th

33 (18.0)

43 (16.8)

1

Mother’s Educational Status

 Illiterate

79 (43.2)

81 (33.3)

0.583 (0.38–.898)

0.013*

 Primary

29 (15.8)

29 (11.9)

0.444 (0.25–0.78)

 Secondary

27 (14.8)

40 (16.4)

0.878 (0.494–1.56)

 Intermediate & above

48 (26.2)

96 (38.5)

1

Father’s Educational Status

 Illiterate

44 (24.0)

56 (23.0)

0.730 (0.47–1.14)

0.009*

 Primary

21 (11.5)

16 (6.6)

0.419 (0.22–0.80)

 Secondary

50 (27.3)

45 (18.4)

0.514 (0.32–0.83)

 Intermediate & above

68 (37.2)

129 (52.0)

1

Mother’s Occupation

 House wife

170 (92.9)

215 (88.1)

1

0.59

 Employed

13 (7.1)

31 (11.9)

1.296 (.72–2.33)

Father’s Occupation

 Employed

183 (100)

239 (98.0)

1

0.39

 Unemployed

___

7 (2.0)

1.481 (0.35–6.26)

Avg. monthly house hold income

 Don’t Know

17 (9.3)

42 (17.2)

1

0.007*

 Less than Rs.10000

54 (3.8)

18 (7.4)

2.780 (1.33–5.78)

 Rs.5–10,000

47 (56.5)

42 (17.2)

2.598 (1.32–5.09)

 Rs.10–20,000

79 (43.2)

80 (32.8)

1.612 (0.75–3.45)

More than 20,000

33 (18)

64 (25.4)

1.055 (0.31–3.51)

  1. *P-value significant at 0.05 level