Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients with T2DM (n = 340)
Variables | n (%) | Mean (±SD) |
|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 58.34 (±11.86) | |
30–39 | 19 (5.6) | |
40–49 | 63 (18.5) | |
50–59 | 94 (27.6) | |
≥ 60 | 164 (48.2) | |
Gender | ||
Male | 140 (41.2) | |
Female | 200 (58.8) | – |
Ethnicity | ||
Malay | 209 (61.5) | |
Chinese | 66 (19.4) | – |
Indian | 62 (18.2) | |
Others | 3 (0.9) | |
Education level | ||
None | 15 (4.4) | |
Primary school (age 7 to 12) | 119 (35) | – |
Secondary school (age 13 to 17) | 163 (47.9) | |
Tertiary (college/ university) | 43 (12.6) | |
Occupation | ||
Employed | 138 (40.6) | |
Unemployed/Pensioner | 202 (49.5) | – |
Smoking status | ||
Smokers | 40 (11.8) | – |
Non-smokers | 300 (88.2) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.53 (±5.29) | |
Normal (< 23) | 48 (14.1) | |
Abnormal (≥ 23) | 291 (85.6) | |
Waist circumference (cm) | ||
Male | 91.52 (±9.89) | |
Normal (< 90) | 64 (45.7) | |
Abnormal (≥ 90) | 76 (54.3) | |
Female | 88.30 (±11.95) | |
Normal (< 80) | 39 (19.5) | |
Abnormal (≥ 80) | 161 (80.5) | |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||
Controlled (< 140/80) | 135 (39.7) | – |
Uncontrolled (≥140/80) | 205 (60.3) | |
Glycaemic control (%) | ||
Controlled (HbA1c < 6.5) | 46 (13.5) | 7.99 (±1.71) |
Uncontrolled (HbA1c ≥ 6.5) | 294 (86.5) | |