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Table 6 Per-protocol analysis of change in prescribing rates, showing sum scores per clinical topic and drug

From: Effect of audit and feedback with peer review on general practitioners’ prescribing and test ordering performance: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

  Intervention Control  
Clinical topic N Mean before (sd) Mean after (sd) n Mean before (sd) Mean after (sd) Ba (95% CI) icc Direction p
Anaemia
 Iron preparations. oral 35 29.5 (22.5) 38.7 (25.6) 53 26.6 (27.6) 46.9 (54.2) 18.9 (−3.9, 41.7) 0.43 = 0.098
Urinary tract infections
 Antibiotics UTI 8 40.8 (24.0) 44.5 (29.7) 80 46.5 (36.3) 55.3 (44.8) 6.3 (−21.1, 33.8) 0.33 ↓ 0.623
 Prostate complaints 26 68.5 (47.0) 79.5 (63.0) 62 65.5 (53.6) 125.9 (91.9) 28.5 (6.5, 50.7) 0.27 ↓ 0.016
 Alpha receptor blockers 26 57.5 (41.1) 66.5 (54.2) 62 54.0 (44.9) 101.5 (73.2) 44.2 (6.0, 82.3) 0.49 ↓ 0.027
 5 alpha reductase inhibitors 26 11.0 (7.5) 13.0 (11.7) 62 11.5 (11.0) 24.5 (22.9) 11.1 (2.1, 20.2) 0.05 ↓ 0.020
 Stomach complaints 28 455.1 (294.7) 565.2 (303.7) 60 275.7 (253.8) 509.1 (433.0) 61.1 (15.0, 107.2) 0.11 ↓ 0.014 b
 H2 antagonists 28 28.0 (22.4) 32.4 (26.8) 60 23.2 (22.35) 24.2 (22.6) −2.4 (−21.5, 16.7) 0.68 ↑ 0.788
 Proton pump inhibitors 28 425.9 (276.1) 531.5 (283.8) 60 251.6 (234.0) 483.7 (414.7) 254.8 (60.1, 449.5) 0.66 ↓ 0.014 b
 Misoprostol 28 0 (0) 0 (0) 60 0.1 (0.4) 0.1 (0.45) 0.1 (−0.1, 0.2) 0.01 ↓ 0.365
 Triple therapy (ATC A02BD04) 28 1.2 (2.5) 1.4 (1.8) 60 0.9 (1.2) 1.1 (1.6) 0.1 (−0.7, 0.8) 0.20 ↓ 0.878b
 Thyroid dysfunction 29 82.2 (45.9) 99.2 (57.5) 59 86.0 (63.1) 128.5 (94.6) 12.6 (0.7, 24.4) 0.08 = 0.040
 Thyroid hormones 29 76.7 (43.5) 91.1 (52.2) 59 79.5 (58.8) 118.3 (87.8) 25.2 (2.1, 48.3) 0.19 = 0.035
 Antithyroid preparations 29 5.5 (7.4) 8.2 (13.2) 59 6.5 (7.7) 10.1 (14.0) 0.2 (−4.2, 4.6) 0.11 ↑ 0.927
Perimenopausal complaints 24 59.4 (31.9) 56.5 (25.9) 64 51.2 (40.0) 51.3 (40.0) 1.5 (−2.3, 5.4) 0.21 ↓ 0.414
 Oestrogens. oral 24 11.5 (8.0) 9.7 (6.2) 64 14.0 (14.0) 12.3 (12.4) 1.0 (−3.6, 5.5) 0.03 ↓ 0.612
 Contraceptives (>50y) 24 5.1 (2.8) 5.9 (2.7) 64 3.2 (3.6) 6.5 (5.1) 2.5 (−0.9, 5.8) 0.31 ↓ 0.137
 Hormone replacement therapy 24 38.7 (24.2) 36.3 (21.0) 64 31.1 (24.4) 29.8 (24.4) 2.6 (−9.7, 14.9) 0.60 ↓ 0.652
 Clonidine 24 0.6 (1.5) 0.7 (2.7) 64 0.4 (1.5) 0.4 (1.6) −0.3 (−1.4, 0.7) 0.11 ↓ 0.508 b
 Tibolon 24 3.6 (3.7) 3.8 (4.1) 64 2.6 (3.0) 2.3 (3.3) −0.7 (−2.0, 0.6) 0.00 ↓ 0.294 b
  1. The desired direction of change is given in the column headed ‘Direction’. Numbers represent the number of DDDs prescribed per 6 months per 1000 patients
  2. n = number of practices
  3. aAdjusted difference between groups at end of intervention, corrected for baseline
  4. bStatistically significant interaction
  5. Thyroid dysfunctioning: Clonidine
  6. P10: B (95% CI): 30.3 (15.1, 45.5). p: <0.001 P10: B (95% CI): 0.4 (−0.4, 1.2). p: 0.327
  7. P90: B (95% CI): 186.7 (88.7, 284.7). p: <0.001 P90: B (95% CI):−1.3 (−2.2,−0.4). p: 0.005
  8. Stomach complaints: Tibolon
  9. P10: B (95% CI): 1.4 (−39.6, 42.6). p: 0.937 P10: B (95% CI): 0.9 (−0.8, 2.6). p: 0.297
  10. P90: B (95% CI): 408.8 (341.1, 476.5). p: <0.001 P90: B (95% CI):−2.3 (−4.0,−0.6). p: 0.008
  11. PPIs: Triple therapy (ATC A02BD04)
  12. P10: B (95% CI): 91.5 (−120.0, 303.0). p: 0.378 P10: B (95% CI):−0.8 (−1.9, 0.3). p: 0.133
  13. P90: B (95% CI): 347.4 (159.2, 0.8). p: <0.001 P90: B (95% CI): 1.4 (0.3, 2.5). p: 0.014
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