Table 2 Exploratory factor analysis of the English Diabetes Distress Scale-17 in Malaysia
Item no. | Items | Subscale | Factor loadings | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
8 | Feeling that I am often failing with my diabetes routine | Regime distress | 0.85 | |||
6 | Feeling that I am not testing my blood sugars frequently enough | 0.76 | ||||
16 | Not feeling motivated to keep up my diabetes self-management | 0.69 | ||||
12 | Feeling that I am not sticking closely enough to a good meal plan | 0.45 | ||||
3 | Not feeling confident in my day-to-day ability to manage diabetes | 0.40 | ||||
7a | Feeling that I will end up with serious long-term complications, no matter what I do | Emotional burden | 0.69 | |||
4 | Feeling angry, scared and/or depressed when I think about living with diabetes | 0.80 | ||||
2 | Feeling that diabetes is taking up too much of my mental and physical energy every day | 0.70 | ||||
14 | Feeling overwhelmed by the demands of living with diabetes | 0.59 | ||||
10a | Feeling that diabetes controls my life | 0.43 | 0.43 | |||
1 | Feeling that my doctor doesn’t know enough about diabetes and diabetes care | Physician distress | 0.82 | |||
5 | Feeling that my doctor doesn’t give me clear enough directions on how to manage my diabetes | 0.80 | ||||
11 | Feeling that my doctor doesn’t take my concerns seriously enough | 0.71 | ||||
15a | Feeling that I don’t have a doctor who I can see regularly enough about my diabetes | 0.38 | ||||
9 | Feeling that friends or family are not supportive enough of self-care efforts (e.g., planning activities that conflict with my schedule, encouraging me to eat the “wrong” foods) | Interpersonal distress | 0.95 | |||
17 | Feeling that friends or family don’t give me the emotional support that I would like | 0.70 | ||||
13 | Feeling that friends or family don’t appreciate how difficult living with diabetes can be | 0.55 | ||||