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Table 3 Cumulative incidence and risk ratio (RR) of multimorbidity for the five acute diseases with the highest cumulative incidence by sex and age groups* #

From: Impact of multimorbidity: acute morbidity, area of residency and use of health services across the life span in a region of south Europe

Female

Male

Age groups

ICPC 2 code

Acute diseases

MM CI

Non-MM CI

Risk ratio

95% confidence interval

ICPC 2 code

Acute diseases

MM CI*

Non-MM CI

Risk ratio

95% confidence interval

   

(%)

(%)

    

(%)

(%)

  

19-24

R74

Upper respiratory infection, acute

16.2

8.8

1.10

(1.04-1.16)

R74

Upper respiratory infection, acute

11.9

7.0

0.96

(0.89-1.03)

R76

Tonsillitis, acute

6.7

4.3

0.94

(0.86-1.02)

R76

Tonsillitis, acute

5.5

3.4

0.92

(0.83-1.02)

U71

Cystitis/urinary infection, other

6.3

4.1

0.85

(0.78-0.93)

D73

Gastroenteritis, presumed infection

4.8

2.8

0.93

(0.83-1.04)

D82

Teeth/gum disease

6.2

3.6

1.14

(1.04-1.25)

D82

Teeth/gum disease

4.3

2.7

0.63

(0.44-0.89)

D73

Gastroenteritis, presumed infection

6.3

3.4

1.06

(0.97-1.16)

S16

Bruise/contusion

3.2

2.4

0.75

(0.66-0.86)

25-44

R74

Upper respiratory infection, acute

12.8

6.9

1.01

(0.98-1.03)

R74

Upper respiratory infection, acute

9.9

5.7

0.85

(0.82-0.87)

L03

Low back symptom/complaint

4.4

3.1

0.73

(0.71-0.76)

D73

Gastroenteritis, presumed infection

3.8

2.3

0.79

(0.76-0.83)

U71

Cystitis/urinary infection other

4.4

2.6

0.86

(0.83-0.90)

L03

Low back symptom/complaint

3.5

2.2

0.75

(0.71-0.78)

D73

Gastroenteritis presumed infection

4.3

2.5

0.90

(0.87-0.94)

D82

Teeth/gum disease

3.5

2.2

0.82

(0.72-0.93)

R76

Tonsillitis, acute

3.6

2.5

1.08

(0.91-1.29)

R76

Tonsillitis, acute

2.4

1.8

0.69

(0.65-0.73)

45-64

R74

Upper respiratory infection, acute

9.7

4.5

0.92

(0.88-0.95)

R74

Upper respiratory infection, acute

6.7

3.4

0.79

(0.76-0.82)

L03

Low back symptom/complaint

3.9

2.1

0.78

(0.74-0.82)

L03

Low back symptom/complaint

3.2

2.1

0.58

(0.55-0.62)

U71

Cystitis/urinary infection, other

4.0

1.7

0.86

(0.81-0.92)

R78

Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis

3.0

1.3

0.86

(0.80-0.92)

R78

Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis

3.9

1.6

0.95

(0.89-1.01)

D82

Teeth/gum disease

2.9

1.6

0.83

(0.70-0.98)

L20

Joint symptom/complaint NOS

3.3

1.5

0.97

(0.82-1.15)

H81

Excessive ear wax

2.5

1.4

0.74

(0.69-0.78)

65-79

R74

Upper respiratory infection, acute

8.4

3.2

0.92

(0.70-1.20)

R74

Upper respiratory infection, acute

7.6

3.3

0.93

(0.84-1.03)

U71

Cystitis/urinary infection other

5.1

1.4

1.09

(0.91-1.30)

H81

Excessive ear wax

4.4

2.3

0.74

(0.65-0.83)

R78

Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis

4.5

1.3

0.71

(0.36-1.39)

R78

Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis

4.2

1.5

0.99

(0.85-1.14)

H81

Excessive ear wax

3.3

1.2

0.88

(0.74-1.04)

D82

Teeth/gum disease

2.9

1.2

1.31

(1.10-1.57)

L03

Low back symptom/complaint

3.0

1.1

0.76

(0.54-1.07)

L03

Low back symptom/complaint

2.5

1.1

0.87

(0.73-1.03)

80+

R74

Upper respiratory infection, acute

5.8

1.5

1.47

(1.16-1.86)

H81

Excessive ear wax

6.5

2.7

0.98

(0.77-1.24)

U71

Cystitis/urinary infection, other

5.9

1.5

1.40

(1.10-1.78)

R74

Upper respiratory infection, acute

6.2

2.0

1.29

(0.98-1.70)

R78

Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis

5.3

2.0

0.99

(0.80-1.23)

R78

Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis

5.7

2.0

1.06

(0.80-1.40)

H81

Excessive ear wax

4.7

1.3

1.34

(1.04-1.73)

S18

Laceration/cut

4.3

2

0.75

(0.57-0.99)

S18

Laceration/cut

3.9

1.6

0.78

(0.61-0.99)

U71

Cystitis/urinary infection, other

3.0

1.5

0.73

(0.53-1.01)

  1. Abbreviations: MM multimorbidity, RR risk ratio, ICPC 2 International Classification of Primary Care, CI Cumulative incidence, NOS not otherwise specified.
  2. *Cumulative incicidence was calculated as the sum of the number of new acute events during the study period divided by the 2010 population (e.g. if a patient passed two bronchitis in one year. the total number of events accounted for was two).
  3. #The outcome is the number of acute diseases in each person for each acute disease considered. RR of multimorbidity versus non-multimorbidity was calculated by Poisson, negative binomial (if overdispersion is present) or zero inflated (when data showed excess of zero counts) equation as appropriate and adjusted for number of visits and area of residency. In bold P < 0.05.