| | |
Statistical correlation between bacteriuria and presence of symptom
|
Probability (%) for positive/negative culture to rule in/rule out that symptom is associated with bacterial finding
|
|---|
|
Symptoms
|
Prevalence2
|
Odds ratio (95% CI)
|
p-value
|
Positive/negative etiologic predictive value3
|
|---|
|
Restlessness
|
9.1%
|
1.4 (0.76-2.6)
|
0.28
|
34 (0-72)/99 (94-100)
|
|
Fatigue
|
12%
|
1.7 (0.99-2.9)
|
0.057
|
40 (0-73)/98 (94-100)
|
|
Confusion
|
7.5%
|
1.8 (0.96-3.6)
|
0.067
|
46 (0-79)/98 (92-100)
|
|
Aggressiveness
|
4.3%
|
2.3 (0.96-5.6)
|
0.063
|
44 (0-82)/98 (90-100)
|
|
Not being herself/himself
|
2.3%
|
4,4 (1.5-13)
|
0.0080
|
79 (0-98)/90 (50-100)
|
|
Dysuria
|
1.8%
|
1.6 (0.47-5.7)
|
0.44
|
46 (0-90)/98 (82-100)
|
|
Urgency
|
5.5%
|
1.3 (0.58-2.9)
|
0.52
|
17 (0-70)/99 (95-100)
|
|
Fever
|
0.31%
|
0 (0-∞)
|
0.97
|
---4
|
-
1Escherichia coli was found in the urine in 143 of 651 urine samples.
-
2Appearance or increase of symptom or signs within the last three months in the studied population. All patients with fever acquired this within the last week.
-
3Etiologic predictive value (EPV) is a statistical method used to evaluate the clinical usefulness of dichotomous diagnostic tests. It estimates predictive values when there is no proper gold standard for comparison. EPVs are presented in this table with 95% confidence interval within parenthesis. To calculate the EPV the sensitivity of a urinary culture to detect presence of bacteriuria was estimated at 90%.
-
4The proportion of positive tests among individuals without the specified symptom or sign exceeds the proportion of positive tests among individuals with the specified symptom or sign. EPV cannot be calculated in these circumstances.
