Table 4 Binomial logistic regression for the association between polypharmacy classes and healthcare services utilization

Psychotropic Polypharmacy

 All-cause ED visits

1.27 (0.67–2.40)

0.472

1.04 (0.52–2.07)

0.913

 All-cause hospitalization

1.67 (0.88–3.17)

0.114

1.38 (0.70–2.73)

0.357

 ED visits for pneumonia

2.31 (1.00–5.31)

0.049**

1.63 (0.65–4.08)

0.301

 Hospitalization for pneumonia

2.37 (1.03–5.46)

0.043**

1.74 (0.69–4.38)

0.239

 Mortality

1.74 (0.85–3.53)

0.128

1.37 (0.63–2.99)

0.431

Antihypertensive Polypharmacy

 All-cause ED visits

0.88 (0.58–1.31)

0.518

0.86 (0.56–1.33)

0.495

 All-cause hospitalization

0.80 (0.53–1.21)

0.287

0.79 (0.51–1.23)

0.293

 ED visits for pneumonia

0.70 (0.38–1.30)

0.258

0.72 (0.37–1.42)

0.342

 Hospitalization for pneumonia

0.75 (0.40–1.41)

0.369

0.78 (0.39–1.55)

0.474

 Mortality

0.71 (0.44–1.14)

0.156

0.82 (0.49–1.38)

0.459

Antidiabetic Polypharmacy

 All-cause ED visits

1.47 (0.63–3.42)

0.376

1.76 (0.73–4.29)

0.210

 All-cause hospitalization

1.04 (0.46–2.36)

0.934

1.30 (0.55–3.08)

0.551

 ED visits for pneumonia

1.43 (0.33–6.20)

0.637

1.48 (0.32–6.84)

0.612

 Hospitalization for pneumonia

1.39 (0.32–6.06)

0.659

1.42 (0.30–6.56)

0.650

 Mortality

0.68 (0.28–1.65)

0.393

0.63 (0.24–1.64)

0.345