Recurrent sleep medication prescription (n = 1,266) | No recurrent sleep medication prescription (n = 3,242) | Total (n = 4,508) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 73.4 (11.8) | 68.5 (11.7) | 69.9 (11.9) | < 0.001 |
Sex | < 0.001 | |||
Females | 53.9 (683) | 42.6 (1,381) | 45.8 (2,064) | |
Males | 46.1 (583) | 57.4 (1,861) | 54.2 (2,444) | |
Sleep medication (percentage of ‘yes’ responses are presented) | ||||
Benzodiazepine-like medication | 56.9 (720) | 1.0 (33) | 16.7 (753) | < 0.001 |
Melatonin | 44.4 (562) | 0.9 (28) | 13.1 (590) | < 0.001 |
Mirtazapine | 35.8 (453) | 0.5 (17) | 10.4 (470) | < 0.001 |
Temazepam | 19.2 (243) | 0.3 (11) | 5.6 (254) | < 0.001 |
Nitrazepam | 0.2 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.1 (3) | 0.006 |
Doxylamine | 0.5 (6) | 0 (0) | 0.1 (6) | < 0.001 |
Doxepin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Trimipramine | 5.4 (68) | 0.1 (4) | 1.6 (72) | < 0.001 |
Trazodone | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Number of sleep medications, median (IQR) | 10.0 (4.0–25.0) | NA | ||
Time in months between sleep medication prescriptions, median (IQR) | 2.94 (1.19–6.17) | NA | ||
Sleep apnea diagnosis | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 23.4 (296) | 8.3 (268) | 12.5 (564) | |
No | 76.6 (970) | 91.7 (2,974) | 87.5 (3,944) | |
Non-apnea sleep disorder diagnosis | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 22.0 (278) | 8.3 (270) | 12.2 (548) | |
No | 78.0 (988) | 91.7 (2,972) | 87.8 (3,960) | |
Body mass index, mean (SD) | 29.3 (6.3) | 30.0 (5.8) | 29.8 (6.0) | < 0.001 |
Missing | n = 231 | n = 784 | n = 1,015 | |
Depression diagnosis | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 20.1 (255) | 7.2 (234) | 10.8 (489) | |
No | 79.9 (1,011) | 92.8 (3,008) | 89.2 (4,019) | |
Long-acting insulin | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 32.1 (406) | 21.8 (707) | 24.7 (1,113) | |
No | 67.9 (860) | 78.2 (2,535) | 75.3 (3,395) | |
Antihypertensive medication of any kind | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 85.6 (1,084) | 78.5 (2,544) | 80.5 (3,628) | |
No | 14.4 (182) | 21,5 (698) | 19.5 (880) | |
Lipid-lowering medication of any kind | 0.219 | |||
Yes | 67.9 (860) | 66.0 (2,140) | 66.5 (3,000) | |
No | 32.1 (406) | 34.0 (1,102) | 33.5 (1,508) | |
Achieved HbA1c target (< 53 mmol/mol) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 66.4 (841) | 72.4 (2,348) | 70.7 (3,189) | |
No | 33.6 (425) | 27.6 (894) | 29.3 (1,319) | |
Achieved LDL target (< 2.5 mmol/l) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 59.2 (750) | 53.2 (1,724) | 54.9 (2,474) | |
No | 40.8 (516) | 46.8 (1,518) | 45.1 (2,034) | |
Achieved sBP target (< 135 mmHg) | 0.398 | |||
Yes | 44.7 (243) | 47.0 (377) | 46.1 (620) | |
No | 55.3 (301) | 53.0 (425) | 53.9 (726) | |
Missing | n = 722 | n = 2,440 | n = 3,162 |