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Table 1 Barriers and facilitators towards the provision of CPS in Tanzania

From: Barriers and facilitators of integration of pharmacists in the provision of clinical pharmacy services in Tanzania

Barriers to CPS provision in Tanzania

Facilitators of CPS provision in Tanzania

1.Individual-related barriers

✓ Limited skills and lack of confidence among pharmacists in CPS provision

✓ Poor communication among HCPs

✓ Superiority and inferiority behavior among HCPs

2.Health facility-related barriers

✓ Insufficient number of pharmacists in hospitals

✓ Lack of in-job building capacity platforms for pharmacists on CPS

✓ Less prioritized services in most healthcare facilities

3.Health system-related barriers

✓ Lack of guidelines and SOPs on CPS provision

✓ Few pharmacists are allocated per facility in the scheme of services

1.Individual efforts to implement CPS

✓ Acceptability of CPS by other HCPs

✓ Positive perception of pharmacists towards the provision of CPS

✓ Competency of pharmacists on CPS provision

2.Health system efforts to implement CPS

✓ Reliable hospital administration support

✓ Recognition of CPS by the Pharmacy Act and Regulation in Tanzania