Table 1 Study population description with nutritional status categorization, based on MNA-SF score

Age

Mean (SD)

82.8 (6.10)

84.9 (6.59)

87.3 (8.08)

83.7 (6.62)

Median [Min, Max]

83.5 [71.0, 93.0]

85.0 [71.0, 100]

87.0 [73.0, 96.0]

84.0 [70.0, 100]

Sex

Male

29 (38.2%)

19 (35.2%)

4 (57.1%)

54 (37.8%)

Female

47 (61.8%)

35 (64.8%)

3 (42.9%)

89 (62.2%)

BMI

Mean (SD)

29.6 (5.00)

25.3 (6.01)

20.0 (4.02)

27.4 (5.94)

Median [Min, Max]

28.9 [21.2, 44.7]

24.4 [18.9, 48.1]

20.2 [14.5, 25.5]

26.9 [14.5, 48.1]

Missing data

2 (2.6%)

1 (1.9%)

1 (14.3%)

9 (6.3%)

BMI categorization

Underweight (BMI < 23 kg/m²)

5 (6.6%)

22 (40.7%)

5 (71.4%)

32 (22.4%)

Normal (BMI 23-28 kg/m²)

6 (7.9%)

11 (20.4%)

1 (14.3%)

18 (12.6%)

Overweight (BMI 28-33 kg/m²)

30 (39.5%)

6 (11.1%)

0 (0%)

36 (25.2%)

Obesity (BMI > 33 kg/m²)

33 (43.4%)

14 (25.9%)

0 (0%)

48 (33.6%)

Missing data

2 (2.6%)

1 (1.9%)

1 (14.3%)

9 (6.3%)

Medications (number without over the counter supplements)

Mean (SD)

6.75 (3.71)

7.27 (3.97)

5.75 (3.95)

6.94 (3.79)

Median [Min, Max]

6.50 [0, 15.0]

7.00 [0, 18.0]

7.00 [0, 9.00]

7.00 [0, 18.0]

Missing data

4 (5.3%)

5 (9.3%)

3 (42.9%)

17 (11.9%)

Polypharmacy categorization

No polypharmacy (< 5 medications)

19 (25.0%)

13 (24.1%)

1 (14.3%)

33 (23.1%)

Polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications)

53 (69.7%)

36 (66.7%)

3 (42.9%)

93 (65.0%)

Missing data

4 (5.3%)

5 (9.3%)

3 (42.9%)

17 (11.9%)

Number of multimorbidities, counted by category

No multimorbidities

2 (2.6%)

2 (3.7%)

0 (0%)

4 (2.8%)

1 multimorbidity

13 (17.1%)

7 (13.0%)

1 (14.3%)

21 (14.7%)

2 multimorbidities

22 (28.9%)

9 (16.7%)

2 (28.6%)

34 (23.8%)

3 multimorbidities

22 (28.9%)

18 (33.3%)

3 (42.9%)

43 (30.1%)

4 multimorbidities

10 (13.2%)

10 (18.5%)

1 (14.3%)

22 (15.4%)

5 multimorbidities

5 (6.6%)

3 (5.6%)

0 (0%)

8 (5.6%)

6 multimorbidities

0 (0%)

1 (1.9%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

Missing data

2 (2.6%)

4 (7.4%)

0 (0%)

10 (7.0%)

Cardiovascular disease

Yes

65 (85.5%)

41 (75.9%)

3 (42.9%)

110 (76.9%)

No

9 (11.8%)

9 (16.7%)

4 (57.1%)

23 (16.1%)

Missing data

2 (2.6%)

4 (7.4%)

0 (0%)

10 (7.0%)

Pneumologic disease

Yes

14 (18.4%)

9 (16.7%)

0 (0%)

23 (16.1%)

No

60 (78.9%)

42 (77.8%)

7 (100%)

111 (77.6%)

Missing data

2 (2.6%)

3 (5.6%)

0 (0%)

9 (6.3%)

Gastrointestinal disease

Yes

29 (38.2%)

17 (31.5%)

3 (42.9%)

51 (35.7%)

No

46 (60.5%)

34 (63.0%)

4 (57.1%)

84 (58.7%)

Missing data

1 (1.3%)

3 (5.6%)

0 (0%)

8 (5.6%)

Endocrinologic disease

Yes

31 (40.8%)

19 (35.2%)

1 (14.3%)

51 (35.7%)

No

43 (56.6%)

32 (59.3%)

6 (85.7%)

83 (58.0%)

Missing data

2 (2.6%)

3 (5.6%)

0 (0%)

9 (6.3%)

Oncologic disease

Yes

7 (9.2%)

6 (11.1%)

1 (14.3%)

15 (10.5%)

orthoNo

67 (88.2%)

45 (83.3%)

6 (85.7%)

119 (83.2%)

Missing data

2 (2.6%)

3 (5.6%)

0 (0%)

9 (6.3%)

Nefrologic disease

Yes

11 (14.5%)

4 (7.4%)

3 (42.9%)

18 (12.6%)

No

63 (82.9%)

47 (87.0%)

4 (57.1%)

116 (81.1%)

Missing data

2 (2.6%)

3 (5.6%)

0 (0%)

9 (6.3%)

Neurologic disease

Yes

12 (15.8%)

12 (22.2%)

1 (14.3%)

26 (18.2%)

No

62 (81.6%)

39 (72.2%)

6 (85.7%)

108 (75.5%)

Missing data

2 (2.6%)

3 (5.6%)

0 (0%)

9 (6.3%)

Orthopedic disease

Yes

7 (9.2%)

10 (18.5%)

0 (0%)

17 (11.9%)

No

67 (88.2%)

42 (77.8%)

7 (100%)

118 (82.5%)

Missing data

2 (2.6%)

2 (3.7%)

0 (0%)

8 (5.6%)

Psychiatric disease

Yes

13 (17.1%)

27 (50.0%)

6 (85.7%)

47 (32.9%)

No

62 (81.6%)

26 (48.1%)

1 (14.3%)

90 (62.9%)

Missing data

1 (1.3%)

1 (1.9%)

0 (0%)

6 (4.2%)

Appetite

Yes

70 (92.1%)

48 (88.9%)

3 (42.9%)

122 (85.3%)

No

6 (7.9%)

6 (11.1%)

3 (42.9%)

16 (11.2%)

Missing data

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (14.3%)

5 (3.5%)

Eating pleasure

Yes

70 (92.1%)

45 (83.3%)

3 (42.9%)

119 (83.2%)

No

6 (7.9%)

9 (16.7%)

3 (42.9%)

19 (13.3%)

Missing data

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (14.3%)

5 (3.5%)

Social, living situation

Living alone

41 (53.9%)

25 (46.3%)

5 (71.4%)

73 (51.0%)

Living together

35 (46.1%)

29 (53.7%)

2 (28.6%)

69 (48.3%)

Missing data

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

Residence

Rural

65 (85.5%)

48 (88.9%)

7 (100%)

123 (86.0%)

Urban

11 (14.5%)

6 (11.1%)

0 (0%)

19 (13.3%)

Missing data

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

Home nursing

Private groups

53 (69.7%)

37 (68.5%)

6 (85.7%)

102 (71.3%)

“Wit-Gele Kruis”

23 (30.3%)

17 (31.5%)

1 (14.3%)

41 (28.7%)