Fig. 1

A Parents’ responses to the survey question of whether their children practised physical activities before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic; B Children’s sleep duration before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of public health measures and distant learning as indicated by their parents. Data were compared using paired Student’s t test, and differences in mean values are highlighted with asterisks as follows: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001