Table 6 Variables associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) by multivariate logistic regression

Gender

men vs. women

0.74

(0.38, 1.46)

0.388

0.76

(0.35, 1.65)

0.485

Age (years)

60 vs. < 60

deleted

-

-

0.64

(0.31, 1.33)

0.232

BMI (kg/m²)

overweight vs. normal

deleted

-

-

0.87

(0.38, 1.99)

0.733

obese vs. normal

2.21

(1.00, 4.86)

0.046^**

0.65

(0.25, 1.72)

0.390

Duration of disease (years)

 > 4 vs. ≤ 4

1.05

(0.51, 2.17)

0.897

1.23

(0.61, 2.48)

0.557

WC (cm)

over vs. normal

2.23

(0.77, 2.31)

0.021^**

1.27

(0.54, 2.98)

0.587

NC (cm)

deleted

-

-

0.99

(0.91, 1.06)

0.694

SBP (mmHg)

 ≥ 140 vs. < 140

deleted

-

-

2.13

(1.02, 4.46)

0.045^**

DBP (mmHg)

 ≥ 90 vs. < 90

1.81

(1.48, 1.96)

0.049^**

0.29

(0.03, 2.45)

0.256

TC (mmol/l)

 ≥ 5.2 vs. < 5.2

0.47

(0.21, 1.02)

0.051

2.45

(0.82, 7.30)

0.108

TG (mmol/l)

 ≥ 1.7 vs. < 1.7

0.41

(0.15, 1.10)

0.078

0.53

(0.24, 1.18)

0.122

HDL-C (mmol/l)

 < 1 vs. ≥ 1

deleted

-

-

0.65

(0.23, 1.84)

0.420

LDL-C (mmol/l)

 ≥ 2.6 vs. < 2.6

deleted

-

-

0.49

(0.18, 1.36)

0.171

A1C (mmol/mol)

 ≥ 53 vs. < 53

deleted

-

-

1.08

(0.53, 2.19)

0.841

Treatment (drug use)

no drug use 1 -3 vs. 4–5

deleted

-

-

1.87

(0.69, 5.07)

0.217

no drug use 1 -3 vs. more than 6

deleted

-

-

1.75

(0.60, 5.14)

0.306

Quality of care indicators

 TOC-target indicators

yes vs. no

deleted

-

-

0.31

(0.11, 1.92)

0.675

 POC-process indicators

yes vs. no

deleted

-

-

0.76

(0.44, 1.25)

0.566

Constant

0.12

(0.05, 0.30)

0.000

0.14

(0.04, 0.51)

0.003

 Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test

chi-square = 6.14, p = 0.5240

chi-square = 4.70, p = 0.7896

 -2 Log Likelihood

-126.2933

-125.2933

 AIC

266.5867

270.069

 BIC

293.1164

326.2141

 Pseudo R²

0.492

0.543