Incidence rates and trends of childhood urinary tract infections and antibiotic prescribing: registry-based study in general practices (2000 to 2020)

Table 1 Autoregressive moving average time series analysis of trends of cystitis and pyelonephritis in children (2000-2020)

Infection	Age group (Years)	Gender	Annual change in incidence rate¹ (/1000 person-years (95%CI))	P-value
Cystitis	0-1	Girls	+ 0.1481 (0.0721 to 0.2241)	0.0010
	0-1	Boys	−0.0135 (− 0.0537 to 0.0807)	0.6873
	2-4	Girls	+ 0.6453 (−0.0319 to 1.3225)	0.0690
	2-4	Boys	−0.0312 (− 0.1509 to 0.0886)	0.6028
	5-9	Girls	+ 0.5901 (0.2321 to 0.9481)	0.0037
	5-9	Boys	+ 0.1049 (0.0214 to 0.1884)	0.0204
	10-18	Girls	+ 0.4956 (0.1755 to 0.8157)	0.0058
	10-18	Boys	+ 0.0360 (0.0092 to 0.0628)	0.0139
Pyelonephritis	0-1	Girls	+ 0.1521 (0.0395 to 0.2648)	0.0136
	0-1	Boys	+ 0.1466 (0.0238 to 0.2695)	0.0264
	2-4	Girls	+ 0.1977 (0.0251 to 0.3704)	0.0322
	2-4	Boys	−0.0000 (−0.0284 to 0.0284)	0.9987
	5-9	Girls	+ 0.0496 (0.0111 to 0.0881)	0.0177
	5-9	Boys	+ 0.0222 (0.0058 to 0.0387)	0.0135
	10-18	Girls	+ 0.0217 (−0.0190 to 0.0624)	0.2934
	10-18	Boys	−0.0007 (− 0.0197 to 0.0184)	0.9419

95%CI 95% confidence intervals
¹Mean annual change in incidence rate as estimated by the model; Statistically significant changes are indicated in bold (p < 0.05)

ISSN: 2731-4553