Table 3 Patient and GP characteristic-specific opioid prescribing rate, 2012–2016
From: Opioid prescribing in general practice: an Australian cross-sectional survey
Characteristic specific encounters with opioid prescribed (n, %) (n = 20,307) | Encounters in sample (N = 389,700) | Character-specific proportion of encounters that received an opioid (95% CI) | Odds ratio from multivariate logistic regressiona | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | ||||
Age (Missing) | (152) | (3,399) | P < 0.0001 | |
0–14 years | 39 (0.2%) | 43,752 | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) |
15–24 years | 587 (2.9%) | 30,799 | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) | 0.42 (0.37–0.47) |
25–44 years | 4,118 (20.4%) | 85,293 | 4.8 (4.6–5.0) | 1.16 (1.08–1.25) |
45–64 years | 7,383 (36.6%) | 105,305 | 7.0 (6.8–7.2) | 1.51 (1.41–1.61) |
65–79 years | 5,074 (25.2%) | 79,452 | 6.4 (6.2–6.6) | 0.93 (0.87–0.98) |
80 + years | 2,954 (14.7%) | 41,700 | 7.1 (6.8–7.4) | Reference group |
Sex (Missing) | (163) | (3,418) | P = 0.0059 | |
Male | 8,375 (41.6%) | 156,312 | 5.4 (5.2–5.5) | Reference group |
Female | 11,769 (58.4%) | 229,970 | 5.1 (5.0–5.3) | 0.94 (0.91–0.98)) |
Socio-economic advantage (Missing) | (386) | (8,448) | P < 0.0001 | |
High socioeconomic advantage | 9,940 (49.9%) | 230,055 | 4.3 (4.2–4.5) | 0.82 (0.79–0.86) |
Low socioeconomic advantage | 9,981 (50.1%) | 151,197 | 6.6 (6.4–6.8) | Reference group |
Patient language background ~ (Missing) | (1,541) | (37,716) | P < 0.0001 | |
Non-English speaking | 1,098 (5.9%) | 31,088 | 3.5 (3.2–3.8) | 0.64 (0.59–0.69) |
English speaking | 17,668 (94.1%) | 320,896 | 5.5 (5.4–5.7) | Reference group |
Commonwealth concession card holder status (Missing) | (1,335) | (32,201) | P < 0.0001 | |
Card holder | 12,743 (67.2%) | 161,392 | 7.9 (7.7–8.1) | 2.47 (2.36–2.59) |
Non-card holder | 6,229 (32.8%) | 196,107 | 3.2 (3.1–3.3) | Reference group |
Indigenous^ Status (Missing) | (1,545) | (37,640) | P = 0.0003 | |
Indigenous | 548 (2.9%) | 7,017 | 7.8 (6.8–8.8) | 1.30 (1.13–1.50) |
Non-Indigenous | 18,214 (97.1%) | 345,043 | 5.3 (5.1–5.4) | Reference group |
New to practice status (Missing) | (284) | (5,618) | P < 0.0001 | |
New to practice | 851 (4.3%) | 28,608 | 3.0 (2.7–3.3) | 0.78 (0.70–0.86) |
Seen previously | 19,172 (95.7%) | 355,474 | 5.4 (5.3–5.5) | Reference group |
GP characteristics | ||||
Age (Missing) | (86) | (2,400) | Not significant (P = 0.3329) | |
< 45 years | 4,675 (23.1%) | 102,800 | 4.5 (4.3–4.8) | Reference group |
45–54 years | 5,703 (28.2%) | 110,800 | 5.1 (4.9–5.4) | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) |
55 + years | 9,843 (48.7%) | 173,700 | 5.7 (5.5–5.9) | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) |
Sex (Missing) | (0) | (0) | (400) | P < 0.0001 |
Male | 12,860 (63.3) | 220,500 | 5.8 (5.6–6.0) | Reference group |
Female | 7,447 (36.7) | 169,200 | 4.4 (4.2–4.6) | 0.82 (0.78–0.87) |
Rurality of GP practice (Missing) | (26) | (800) | P < 0.0001 | |
Major city | 15,548 (62.1%) | 272,700 | 4.6 (4.5–4.7) | Reference group |
Inner regional | 5,127 (25.4%) | 77,900 | 6.6 (6.3–6.9) | 1.15 (1.09–1.23) |
Outer regional/ Remote | 2,606 (12.9%) | 38,300 | 6.8 (6.4–7.2) | 1.21 (1.11–1.32) |
Australian graduate (primary medical degree from Australia) (Missing) | (101) | (1,600) | P = 0.0060 | |
Yes | 13,685 (67.7%) | 257,000 | 5.3 (5.2–5.5) | Reference group |
No | 6,521 (32.3%) | 131,100 | 5.0 (4.8–5.2) | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) |