Table 3 Clinical and related characteristics of participants with and without a GPMP in the 24 months preceding RCT enrolment

Biometric

 BMI (kg/m2) (mean (SD))

29.9 (5.5)

29.7 (5.2)

29.8 (5.3)

 Waist circumference (cm) (mean (SD))

106.4 (14.4)

105.7 (14.2)

106.0 (14.3)

 Systolic BP (mmHg) (mean (SD))

137.0 (16.7)

139.1 (15.9)

138.2 (16.3)

 Diastolic BP (mmHg) (mean (SD))

77.6 (10.8)

80.8 (10.3)

79.3 (10.6)

Clinical

 Fasting glucose (mmol/L) (mean (SD))

6.3 (1.9)

5.8 (1.7)

6.1 (1.8)

 Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) (median, (IQR))

4.0 (17.8)

1.9 (3.8)

2.9 (12.6)

 Serum creatinine umol/L (mean (SD))

85.2 (36.8)

85.9 (45.0)

85.6 (41.3)

 Total cholesterol (mean (SD))

4.5 (1.1)

4.8 (1.2)

4.6 (1.1)

 LDL (mean (SD))

2.4 (0.9)

2.8 (1.0)

2.6 (1.0)

 HDL (mean (SD))

1.3 (0.4)

1.3 (0.4)

1.3 (0.4)

 Triglycerides (mean (SD))

1.5 (0.9)

1.6 (1.1)

1.6 (1.0)

 HbA1C (mean (SD))

6.8 (1.3)

6.9 (1.3)

6.8 (1.3)

 Number of daily medications (median (IQR))

5.0 (3.0, 8.0)

3.0 (2.0, 6.0)

4.0 (2.0, 7.0)

Comorbidities

 Previous stroke

49/422 (11.6%)

37/483 (7.7%)

86/905 (9.5%)

 Coronary heart disease

161/421 (38.2%)

141/483 (29.2%)

302/904 (33.4%)

 Peripheral vascular disease

20/421 (4.8%)

13/483 (2.7%)

33/904 (3.7%)

 Atrial fibrillation

62/421 (14.7%)

37/483 (7.7%)

99/904 (11.0%)

 Heart failure

8/422 (1.9%)

2/483 (0.4%)

10/905 (1.1%)

 Diabetes

178/422 (42.2%)

85/483 (17.6%)

263/905 (29.1%)

 COPD/emphysema

34/421 (8.1%)

24/483 (5.0%)

58/904 (6.4%)

 Chronic kidney disease

13/422 (3.1%)

14/483 (2.9%)

27/905 (3.0%)

 Asthma

61/421 (14.5%)

62/482 (12.9%)

123/903 (13.6%)

 Depression/Anxiety

87/421 (20.7%)

91/483 (18.8%)

178/904 (19.7%)

Diet and Lifestyle

 Servings of fruit per week (mean (SD))

11.4 (8.5)

11.2 (8.5)

11.3 (8.5)

 Servings of vegetables per week (mean (SD))

16.2 (9.7)

15.7 (9.6)

15.9 (9.6)

 Servings of fish per week (mean (SD))

1.4 (1.3)

1.3 (1.1)

1.4 (1.2)

 Use of olive oil for cooking

307/418 (73.4%)

331/479 (69.1%)

638/897 (71.1%)

 Sodium control in diet

309/420 (73.6%)

344/477 (72.1%)

653/897 (72.8%)

 Current smoker (self-reported or CO reading > 8 ppm)

50/417 (12.0%)

65/476 (13.7%)

115/893 (12.9%)

 Alcohol consumption per week (standard drinks): Median (Q1, Q3)

2.0 (0.0, 10.0)

5.0 (0.0, 14.0)

4.0 (0.0, 12.0)

 Quality of life (mean EQ5D visual analogue score (SD))

79.0 (15.0)

80.8 (13.6)

80.0 (14.3)

 GPAQ Sedentary metric: Mean (SD)

340.4 (184.1)

366.2 (186.3)

354.2 (185.6)

Health Literacy Scales (selected measures)

 Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers: Mean (SD)

3.4 (0.4)

3.3 (0.5)

3.3 (0.4)

 Having sufficient information to manage my health: Mean (SD)

2.9 (0.5)

2.9 (0.4)

2.9 (0.5)

 Actively managing my health: Mean (SD)

2.9 (0.4)

2.9 (0.5)

2.9 (0.5)

 Social support for health: Mean (SD)

3.1 (0.5)

3.1 (0.4)

3.1 (0.5)

 Appraisal of health information: Mean (SD)

2.8 (0.5)

2.8 (0.5)

2.8 (0.5)

 Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers: Mean (SD)

4.3 (0.5)

4.3 (0.5)

4.3 (0.5)

 Navigating the healthcare system: Mean (SD)

4.1 (0.5)

4.1 (0.5)

4.1 (0.5)

 Ability to find good health information: Mean (SD)

4.0 (0.6)

4.0 (0.5)

4.0 (0.5)

 Understand health information well enough to know what to do: Mean (SD)

4.2 (0.5)

4.2 (0.5)

4.2 (0.5)