Test/Instrument | Variable/ object of measurement | Characteristics/information |
---|---|---|
Adherence of drug treatment | Structure: Self-administered, 4 items with a dichotomous answer YES/NO | |
Interpretation: Informs about the causes of non-compliance. Compliance is considered if 4 questions are correct (No/Yes/No/No) | ||
Systematic Interview of Alcohol Consumption. ISCA [39] | Alcohol consumed | Structure: Professional administered, 3 items, allows examination of the amount of alcohol consumed, the frequency, and the variation between work-days and weekends in Standard Drink Units |
Interpretation: High risk alcohol consumption is considered if > 28 units in men or > 17 units in women | ||
Canadian Acute Coronary Syndrome Score. C-ACS [40] | Early risk stratification | Structure: Score ranges from 0 to 4 according 4 items scored with 1 if: age ≥ 75 years, Killip class > 1, systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg, and heart rate > 100 bpm |
Interpretation: Short- and long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome | ||
Charlson Comorbidity [41] | Severity of comorbidity | Structure: Professional administered, 19 diseases rated from 1 to 6, total score between 0–37 points. From 50 years of age, one point is added for each decade |
Interpretation: Higher scores indicate a more severe condition and worse prognosis, can be categorized to no comorbidity, low comorbidity, and high comorbidity | ||
Health-related quality-of-life | Structure: Self-administered, 12 items with Likert-type ratings, ranging from 3–6 points | |
Interpretation: Results can be standardized to a 0–100 range and then summarized in two dimensions: physical component summary and mental component summary | ||
Perceived functional social support | Structure: Self-administered, 11 items with Likert-type ratings ranging 1 to 5. Scores range from 11 to 55 points | |
Interpretation: The higher the average score, the greater the perceived social support | ||
Cognitive dysfunction screening | Structure: Professional administered consisting of 12 tasks of the following domains: visuospatial/executive (5 points), naming (3 points), attention (6 points), language (3 points), abstraction (2 points), delayed recall (5 points), orientation (6 points). Total scores range between 0 and 30 | |
Interpretation: A score < 26 might indicate cognitive impairment | ||
Patient Health Questionnaire. PHQ-9 [47] | Depressive symptoms | Structure: Self-administered, 9 items for screening, diagnosing, monitoring and measuring the severity of depression |
Interpretation: Scores and cut-points: 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent for mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression respectively | ||
Emotional distress (anxiety and depression) | Structure: Self-administered, 14 items (7 anxiety and 7 depression), with Likert-type ratings ranging 1 to 4. Total ranging from 0 to 21 | |
Interpretation: A total subscale score of > 8 points in each of the sub-scales might indicate depression or anxiety | ||
International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) [50, 51] | Frequency, duration and intensity of activity | Structure: Self-administered, 7 questions self-completed. Evaluates: intensity (low, moderate, or vigorous), frequency (days for week) and duration (time for day) |
Interpretation: Classifies the level of activity in three categories: low, moderate, and high. Permits individual results to be converted into METs | ||
Six-minute walk test [28] | Aerobic capacity and endurance | Structure: Sub-maximal exercise test used to assess aerobic capacity and endurance. The distance covered over a time of 6 min is used as the outcome to compare changes in performance capacity |
Interpretation: Allows results to be converted from meters to METs. An increase in the distance walked indicates improvement in physical function | ||
Patient activation (self-efficacy) | Structure: Self-administered. 13 items 4-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 0 to 100 | |
Interpretation: Scores are converted into Rasch units defining 4 stages of activation: 1. Believes active role is important; 2. Confidence and knowledge to take action 3. Taking action; 4. Staying the course under stress | ||
Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) [29] | Psychological status and quality of life | Structure: Self-administered, 22 items, with 6-point Likert scale, and five dimensions: anxiety, depression, positive mood, vitality, self-control and general health. Total score range is from 0–110 |
Interpretation: Lower scores indicate more severe distress. The three levels of distress are scored as: 0 to 60 reflect severe distress; 61 to 72 moderate distress; and 73 to 110 positive well-being |