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Table 2 Sleep-related parameters stratified by frequency of hypnotics use (daily vs. as-needed)

From: Sleep pattern and predictors of daily versus as-needed hypnotics use in middle-aged and older adults with insomnia

 

Daily use of hypnotics

N = 49 (%)

As-needed use of hypnotics N = 17 (%)

Total

N = 66 (%)

Age

 50–65

33 (67.3%)

6 (35.3%)

39 (59%)

 66–75

16 (32.7%)

11 (64.7%)

27 (41%)

Gender

 Male

15 (30.6%)

5 (29.4%)

20 (30%)

 Female

34 (69.4%)

12 (70.6%)

46 (70%)

Pain at night

 No pain

24 (49%)

10 (58.8%)

34 (51.5%)

 Few days per week

5 (10.2%)

5 (29.4%)

10 (15.2%)

 Half days per week or more

20 (40.8%)

2 (11.8%)

22 (33.3%)

Sleep duration (hours)

 Up to 8

28 (57%)

16 (94%)

44 (66.7%)

 More than 8

21 (43%)

1 (6%)

22 (33.3%)

Time to fall sleep

 Up to 30 min

35 (71.4%)

10 (58.8%)

45 (68.2%)

 More than 30 min

14 (28.6%)

7 (41.2%)

21 (31.8%)

Waking up in middle of night

 No

17 (34%)

3 (17.6%)

20 (30.3%)

 Yes

32 (64%)

14 (82.4%)

46 (69.7%)

Approximate time to fall asleep after each awakening in the middle of the nighta

 Up to 30 min

27 (81.8%)

9 (75%)

36 (80%)

 More than 30 min

6 (18.2%)

3 (25%)

9 (20%)

Daily Naps

 yes

33 (67.3%)

10 (58.8%)

43 (65.1%)

 No

16 (32.7%)

7 (41.2%)

23 (34.9%)

Duration of hypnotics used (in years)a

 0–10

30 (67%)

15 (94%)

45 (73.7%)

 Above 10

15 (33%)

1 (6%)

16 (26.3%)

PHQ-2 score

 0–2

25 (51%)

11 (64.7%)

36 (54.5%)

 3 and above

24 (49%)

6 (35.3%)

30 (45.5%)

Chronotype

   

 Less than 2.17

7 (14.3%)

2 (11.8%)

9 (13.6%)

 2.17–7.25

42 (85.7%)

15 (88.2%)

57 (86.4%)

Insomnia severity index (ISI)

 0–7

30 (61.2%)

10 (58.8%)

40 (60.6%)

 8–28

19 (38.8%)

7 (41.2%)

26 (39.4%)

  1. aThere are 21 missing values in this sleep parameter. Also to note this does not represent the WASO (Total wakefulness time after sleep onset). This represents the maximum time someone stays awake after each waking up in the middle of the night