Table 3 Identification of independent risk factors by a stepwise logistic regression analysis

Marital status (vs. married status)

20.38

<  0.001

 Widowed

1.196

0.287

17.42

<  0.001

3.308

1.886

5.802

 Divorced

−0.133

1.292

0.011

0.918

0.876

0.07

11.015

 Unmarried

2.565

1.273

4.062

0.044

13.004

1.073

157.578

Monthly medical expenses (out-of-pocket cost, yuan, vs. < 100)

32.639

<  0.001

 100–199

−0.007

0.41

0

0.987

0.993

0.445

2.216

 200–299

1.108

0.375

8.717

0.003

3.028

1.451

6.317

 300–399

1.991

0.429

21.552

<  0.001

7.323

3.16

16.972

  ≥ 400

1.314

0.36

13.35

<  0.001

3.722

1.839

7.533

Number of chronic diseases (vs. 0)

17.645

<  0.001

 1–2

0.678

0.771

0.774

0.379

1.971

0.435

8.927

  ≥ 3

1.69

0.788

4.602

0.032

5.420

1.157

25.385

Consultation frequency of spouses (times/month, vs. < 4)

2.182

0.339

41.382

<  0.001

8.861

4.559

17.226

First consultation choice (vs. non-community health service center)

0.953

0.419

5.166

0.023

2.593

1.14

5.897

Long-term medication (vs. No)

1.383

0.593

5.441

0.02

3.988

1.247

12.753

Clinic type (vs. Western medicine)

7.564

0.023

 Traditional Chinese medicine

0.678

0.368

3.4

0.065

1.97

0.958

4.051

 Both

0.985

0.438

5.06

0.024

2.679

1.135

6.32

Depression (vs. No)

0.824

0.254

10.558

0.001

2.279

1.387

3.746

 Constant

−6.056

0.916

43.723

<  0.001

0.002