Direct-to-consumer telemedicine physician consultations | Face-to-face physician office visits | Digi-physical telemedicine physician consultations | Nurse telephone consultations | |||||||||
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Odds ratios | 95% CI | Odds ratios | 95% CI | Odds ratios | 95% CI | Odds ratios | 95% CI | |||||
Women vs men | 1.60 | 1.58 | 1.62 | 1.46 | 1.45 | 1.47 | 1.61 | 1.52 | 1.71 | 1.48 | 1.47 | 1.49 |
Age group 0–5 vs 19–25 | 1.87 | 1.83 | 1.92 | 1.51 | 1.49 | 1.54 | 1.03 | 0.89 | 1.20 | 2.15 | 2.11 | 2.18 |
Age group 6–18 vs 19–25 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.76 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.74 | 0.65 | 0.84 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 0.71 |
Age group 26–45 vs 19–25 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.84 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.16 | 1.34 | 1.20 | 1.50 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.80 |
Age group 46–64 vs 19–25 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 1.69 | 1.66 | 1.71 | 1.23 | 1.09 | 1.38 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.52 |
Age group 65 + vs 19–25 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 3.81 | 3.76 | 3.87 | 0.51 | 0.44 | 0.59 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.67 |
Country of birth EU28 vs Sweden | 0.63 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.58 | 0.50 | 0.66 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.77 |
Country of birth outside EU28 vs Sweden | 0.53 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 1.31 | 1.30 | 1.32 | 0.51 | 0.46 | 0.56 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.85 |
Upper secondary education vs lower secondary | 1.34 | 1.30 | 1.38 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 1.36 | 1.21 | 1.54 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.09 |
Post-secondary less than 3 years vs lower secondary | 1.51 | 1.47 | 1.56 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 1.28 | 1.12 | 1.46 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.13 |
Post-secondary 3 years or more vs lower secondary | 1.38 | 1.34 | 1.42 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 1.22 | 1.07 | 1.38 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.12 |
Income group 2 vs 1 (lowest income) | 1.19 | 1.15 | 1.24 | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.22 | 1.18 | 0.99 | 1.40 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 1.28 |
Income group 3 vs 1 | 1.42 | 1.37 | 1.46 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.26 | 1.43 | 1.21 | 1.68 | 1.29 | 1.26 | 1.31 |
Income group 4 vs 1 | 1.58 | 1.53 | 1.63 | 1.25 | 1.23 | 1.27 | 1.57 | 1.34 | 1.84 | 1.27 | 1.25 | 1.29 |
Income group 5 vs 1 | 1.72 | 1.67 | 1.78 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.23 | 1.55 | 1.32 | 1.81 | 1.26 | 1.24 | 1.28 |
Income group 6 vs 1 | 1.77 | 1.71 | 1.83 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.19 | 1.71 | 1.46 | 1.99 | 1.21 | 1.19 | 1.23 |
Income group 7 vs 1 | 1.86 | 1.80 | 1.92 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.13 | 1.56 | 1.34 | 1.83 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.19 |
Income group 8 vs 1 | 1.99 | 1.93 | 2.06 | 1.07 | 1.05 | 1.09 | 1.71 | 1.46 | 2.01 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.16 |
Income group 9 vs 1 | 2.11 | 2.05 | 2.18 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.61 | 1.37 | 1.89 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.13 |
Income group 10 (highest income) vs 1 | 2.46 | 2.38 | 2.54 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 2.02 | 1.73 | 2.37 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.11 |
Heart failure vs no heart failure | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.59 | 1.45 | 1.40 | 1.51 | 0.56 | 0.33 | 0.93 | 1.81 | 1.75 | 1.87 |
Depression vs no depression | 1.47 | 1.44 | 1.50 | 2.17 | 2.14 | 2.19 | 1.99 | 1.83 | 2.15 | 1.56 | 1.54 | 1.58 |
Diabetes vs no diabetes | 0.76 | 0.72 | 0.80 | 2.75 | 2.70 | 2.81 | 0.99 | 0.84 | 1.17 | 1.21 | 1.19 | 1.23 |
COPD/asthma vs no COPD/asthma | 1.37 | 1.34 | 1.40 | 1.79 | 1.76 | 1.81 | 1.59 | 1.46 | 1.74 | 1.38 | 1.37 | 1.40 |
Accessibility medium vs low | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.88 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.98 |
Accessibility high vs low | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 1.37 | 1.36 | 1.38 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.92 |
Distance 1–2 km vs 0–1 km | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.38 | 1.27 | 1.50 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.03 |
Distance 2–4 km vs 0–1 km | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 2.35 | 2.17 | 2.55 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.04 |
Distance 4–10 km vs 0–1 km | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 2.32 | 2.13 | 2.53 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 |
Distance 10 + km vs 0–1 km | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 0.74 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 2.34 | 2.11 | 2.58 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.94 |