The effect of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on consultation numbers, consultation reasons and performed services in primary care: results of a longitudinal observational study

Table 1 Association between covid-19 lockdown and the number of treated patients: results of a multivariate linear regression adjusted for random effects on the levels of German federal states, administrative districts within the federal states and GP practices

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	ß (95% CI)	p	ß (95% CI)	p	ß (95% CI)	p
*Assessment during covid-19 lockdown compared to assessment before covid-19*	*-94.6 (-116.7 to -72.5)*	< *0.001*	*-94.6 (-116.2 to -73.0)*	< *0.001*	*-94.1 (-115.3 to -73.0)*	< *0.001*
Days since lockdown on 13 March 2020	-0.34 (-1.3 to 0.57)	0.466	-0.30 (-1.2 to 0.61)	0.517	-0.29 (-1.2 to 0.60)	0.522
Days between baseline and follow-up	0.043 (-0.017 to 0.10)	0.160	0.041 (-0.021 to 0.10)	0.193	0.061 (-0.0018 to 0.12)	0.057
Region: urban areas vs. rural areas	13.5 (-8.9 to 35.8)	0.238	12.1 (-11.4 to 35.6)	0.312	6.1 (-18.2 to 30.3)	0.622
Age of the physician (in years)			0.99 (-0.47 to 2.4)	0.184	0.58 (-0.87 to 2.0)	0.434
Sex of the physician: male vs. female			10.4 (-13.9 to 34.7)	0.400	14.0 (-9.8 to 37.8)	0.249
Postgraduate medical specialist training
- None (general practitioner)			-39.0 (-131.9 to 53.9)	0.410	-53.8 (-146.2 to 38.7)	0.254
- General medicine			23.3 (-21.3 to 68.0)	0.305	20.6 (-23.2 to 64.3)	0.357
- Internal medicine			10.3 (-28.2 to 48.7)	0.601	9.5 (-27.9 to 46.9)	0.617
*Type of practice*
*- Group practice vs. individual practice*					*-45.3 (-87.0 to -3.6)*	*0.033*
*- Joint practice vs. individual practice*					*-35.2 (-59.3 to -11.1)*	*0.004*
- Medical care centre vs. individual practice					8.2 (-73.3 to 89.8)	0.843

Model 1: naïve comparison adjusted for differences between administrative districts, the time since lockdown on 13 March 2020 and the time between baseline and follow-up; model 2: model 1 additionally adjusted for age, sex, and postgraduate medical specialist training of the GP; model 3: model 2 additionally adjusted for the type of practice; ß: ß correlation coefficient; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; p: p-value

ISSN: 2731-4553