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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia stratified by age groups

From: Clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia diagnosed in a primary care practice in Madrid (Spain)

Age groups:

All

 < 50 years

50–75 years

 ≥ 75 years

p value

Total number, n (%)

172 (100)

48 (27.9)

82 (47.7)

42 (24.4)

 

Sociodemographic variables

 Age, mean (SD), years

60.5 (17.0)

39.0 (8.3)

62.1 (6.5)

81.9 (5.5)

 < 0.001

 Sex, n (%)

  Female

87 (50.6)

25 (52.0)

32 (39)

30 (71)

0.003

  Male

85 (49.4)

23 (48.0)

50 (61)

12 (29)

 

Comorbidities

 Cardiovascular risk factor

  Smoke habit, n (%)

13 (7.6)

3 (6)

10 (12)

0 (0)

0.062

  BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, n (%)

90 (52.3)

16 (33)

51 (62)

23 (55)

0.012

  Hypertension, n (%)

83 (48.3)

6 (12)

39 (48)

38 (90)

 < 0.001

  type 2 Diabetes, n (%)

33 (19.2)

0 (0)

21 (26)

12 (29)

 < 0.001

  Dyslipidemia, n (%)

68 (39.5)

11 (23)

32 (39)

25 (60)

0.002

 Respiratory diseases

  Asthma, n (%)

21 (12.2)

4 (8)

7 (9)

10 (24)

0.031

  COPD, n (%)

9 (5.2)

1 (2)

5 (6)

3 (7)

0.50

 Cardiovascular diseases

  Ischaemic heart diseases, n (%)

9 (5.2)

0 (0)

3 (4)

6 (14)

0.007

  Arrhythmias, n (%)

10 (5.8)

1 (2)

2 (2)

7 (17)

0.003

  Heart failure, n (%)

7 (4.1)

0 (0)

3 (4)

4 (10)

0.072

 Other diseases

  Chronic kidney diseases, n (%)

12 (7.0)

0 (0)

3 (4)

9 (21)

 < 0.001

  Cognitive impairment, n (%)

10 (5.8)

1 (2)

1 (1)

8 (19)

 < 0.001

  Cancer, n (%)

10 (5.8)

0 (0)

4 (5)

6 (14)

0.014

  Rheumatological diseases, n (%)

14 (8.1)

3 (6)

6 (7)

5 (12)

0.58

Chronic treatment

 no drugs, n (%)

33 (19.2)

19 (40)

14 (17)

0 (0)

 < 0.001

 1–4 drugs, n (%)

68 (39.5)

25 (52)

35 (43)

8 (19)

 

 5–9 drugs, n (%)

43 (25.0)

3 (6)

20 (24)

20 (48)

 

  ≥ 10 drugs, n (%)

28 (16.3)

1 (2)

13 (16)

14 (33)

 

Antithrombotic/anticoagulant treat

 Antithrombotic drug, n (%)

14 (8.1)

1 (2)

7 (9)

6 (14)

0.019

 Anticoagulant drug, n (%)

8 (4.7)

1 (2)

2 (2)

5 (12)

 

 Non consumption, n (%)

150 (87.2)

46 (96)

73 (89)

31 (74)

 

Symptoms

 Fever, n (%)

144 (83.7)

41 (85)

74 (90)

29 (69)

0.003

 Cough, n (%)

140 (81.4)

43 (90)

68 (83)

29 (69)

0.039

 Dyspnea, n (%)

103 (59.9)

29 (60)

50 (61)

24 (57)

0.91

 Gastrointestinal disturbances, n(%)

72 (41.9)

23 (48)

32 (39)

17 (40)

0.60

 Myalgias, n (%)

51 (29.7)

15 (31)

30 (37)

6 (14)

0.035

 Thoracic Pain, n (%)

27 (15.7)

17 (35)

9 (11)

1 (2)

 < 0.001

 Pleural chest Pain, n (%)

10 (5.8)

4 (8)

6 (7)

0 (0)

0.17

 Rhinitis, n (%)

8 (4.7)

4 (8)

4 (5)

0 (0)

0.17

 Odynophagia, n (%)

20 (11.6)

8 (17)

8 (10)

4 (10)

0.44

 Asthenia, n (%)

47 (27.3)

13 (27)

20 (24)

14 (33)

0.57

 Headache, n (%)

47 (27.3)

13 (27)

20 (24)

14 (33)

0.57

 Dysgeusia, n (%)

9 (5.2)

6 (12)

3 (4)

0 (0)

0.020

 Anosmia, n (%)

2 (1.2)

1 (2)

1 (1)

0 (0)

0.65

Symptoms categorized

 1–3 total symptoms, n (%)

97 (56.7)

20 (42)

41 (51)

36 (86)

 < 0.001

  ≥ 4 total symptoms, n (%)

74 (43.3)

28 (58)

40 (49)

6 (14)

 

Physical examination

 Temperature, median (IQR), ºC

37.2 (36.7, 37.8)

37.3 (0.8)

37.4 (0.8)

37.0 (0.8)

0.060

 Heart rate, mean (SD), bpm

93.2 (16.1)

99.6 (13.8)

93.3 (16.5)

85.9 (15.1)

 < 0.001

 Respiratory rate, (median (IQR), rpm

16.0 (15.0, 21.0)

16.0 (15.0, 16.0)

18.0 (15.5, 21.0)

22.0 (15.0, 25.0)

0.028

 Pulse oximetry, median (IQR), %

94.0 (92.0, 96.5)

96.0 (94.0, 97.5)

94.0 (92.0, 96.0)

92.0 (88.5, 94.0)

 < 0.001

 Normal lung auscultation, n (%)

38 (22.1)

13 (27)

21 (26)

4 (10)

0.16

 Abnormal lung auscultation, n (%)

54 (31.4)

12 (25)

24 (29)

18 (43)

0.16

Blood test

 CRP, median (IQR), mg/L

65.3 (29.0, 128.0)

57.0 (12.8, 115.0)

60.9 (34.0, 135.0)

81.5 (45.0, 133.0)

0.32

 Lymphocytes, median (IQR), 10e3/ml

1100.0 (800.0, 1500.0)

1250.0 (1000.0, 1750.0)

1000.0 (800.0, 1400.0)

900.0 (600.0, 1200.0)

0.002

 D-Dimer, median (IQR), μg/L

445.0 (288.0, 910.0)

410.0 (240.0, 901.5)

460.0 (270.0, 880.0)

464.0 (320.0, 2160.0)

0.39

 Fibrinogen ≥ 500, n (%), mg/dL

127 (73.8)

31 (65)

62 (76)

34 (81)

0.29

 Ferritin, median (IQR), μg/L

443.5 (200.0, 1215.0)

474.0 (320.0, 1738.0)

494.0 (203.0, 913.0)

325.5 (184.5, 1006.5)

0.73

RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2

 Negative, n (%)

36 (20.9)

17 (35)

13 (16)

6 (14)

0.041

 Positive, n (%)

122 (70.9)

27 (56)

64 (78)

31 (74)

0.042

Pneumonia features

 Pneumonia onset, mean (SD), days

7.8 (4.1)

8.1 (4.7)

8.3 (3.8)

6.7 (3.7)

0.12

 Unilateral, n (%)

46 (26.7)

21 (44)

19 (23)

6 (14)

0.003

 Bilateral, n (%)

126 (73.3)

27 (56)

63 (77)

36 (86)

0.004

Complications

 Hospital admission, n (%)

140 (81.4)

30 (62)

68 (83)

42 (100)

 < 0.001

 Pulmonary thromboembolism, n (%)

7 (4.1)

2 (4)

2 (2)

3 (7)

0.45

 Death, n (%)

11 (6.4)

0 (0)

2 (2)

9 (21)

 < 0.001

  1. n number, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IQR interquartile range, CRP C-reactive protein, RT-PCR reverse transcription PCR, bmp beats per minute, rpm respiratory rate per minute