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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of caregivers and patients

From: Role of caregiver factors in outpatient medical follow-up post-stroke: observational study in Singapore

 

No. (%) unless otherwise stated

Caregiverafactors

 Age (in years)

Mean (SD)

50.0 (13.2)

 Gender

Male

61 (24)

Female

195 (76)

 Ethnicity

Chinese

147 (57)

Non-Chinese

109 (43)

 Marital status

Married

201(79)

Single

55 (21)

 Caregiver relationship

Spouse

155 (60)

Adult-Child

74 (29)

Sibling

10 (4)

Others

17 (7)

 Comorbid conditions

None

153 (60)

1

57 (22)

2

24 (9)

≥3

22 (9)

 Co-residing with patient

Yes

227 (89)

No

29 (11)

 Caring for multiple care recipients

Yes

106 (41)

No

150 (59)

Revised memory and behavior checklist

 Memory problems

Mean (SD)

5.1 (6.0)

 Depressive behavior problems

Mean (SD)

3.2 (4.9)

 Disruptive behavior problems

Mean (SD)

2.7 (3.6)

 Caregiver burden

 

 Oberst caregiving burden scale

Mean (SD)

31.8 (12.7)

 Zarit burden interview

Mean (SD)

8.8 (7.9)

Family conflict

 Attitude towards patient

Mean (SD)

11.4 (4.5)

 Attitude towards caregiver

Mean (SD)

11.6 (4.4)

Social support (instrumental)

 FDW for general help

Yes

208 (81)

No

48 (19)

 FDW for stroke patient

Yes

33 (13)

No

223 (87)

 Social support (perceived)

Mean (SD)

26.4 (4.9)

Care management strategies

 Positive strategies

Mean (SD)

34.5 (10.8)

 Negative strategies

Mean (SD)

11.1 (4.6)

Patientbfactors

 Age (in years)

Mean (SD)

61.8 (10.5)

 Gender

Male

165 (64)

Female

91(36)

 Ethnicity

Chinese

149 (58)

Non-Chinese

107 (42)

 Marital status

Married

206 (80)

Single

50 (20)

 Ward class

Unsubsidized

21 (8)

Subsidized

235 (92)

 Charlson Comorbidity Index (during stroke onset)

1 - 3

52 (20)

4 - 6

162 (64)

≥ 7

42 (16)

 Stroke type

Ischemic

227 (89)

Non-ischemic

29 (11)

 Recurrent stroke

Yes

42 (16)

No

214 (84)

 National Institute of Health Scale

Mild (0-4)

145 (57)

Moderately severe (5-14)

97 (38)

Severe (15-24)

14 (5)

 Modified rankin scale

No or slight disability (0-2)

105 (41)

Moderate or severe disability (3-5)

151 (59)

 Mini-mental state examination

No (24-30)

147 (57)

Mild (18-23)

64 (25)

Severe (1-17)

45 (18)

 Discharge to community hospital or step-down facility

Yes

65 (25)

No

191 (75)

 Centre for epidemiological studies depression scale

Mean (SD)

6.3 (5.6)

  1. Source: Tyagi S, Koh GCH, Luo N, Tan KB, Hoenig H, Matchar DB, et al. Dyadic approach to post-stroke hospitalizations: role of caregiver and patient characteristics. BMC Neurology. 2019;19(1):267
  2. Abbreviations: No. number, SD standard deviation, FDW foreign domestic worker
  3. aVariables collected at 3-month time point
  4. bVariables collected at baseline