Table 3 The mean and standard deviation of energy intake, macronutrients, and micronutrients before and after intervention in type 2 diabetes patients

Energy (kcal/day)

Baseline

1638.59 (377.82)

1578.38 (399.64)

After intervention

1701.36 (485.61)

1564.68 (392.75)

P-value^**

0.381

0.871

Protein (g/day)

Baseline

82.27 (23.34)

78.79 (31.82)

After intervention

89.31 (35.83)

80.31 (32.16)

P-value^**

0.190

0.823

Carbohydrate (g/day)

Baseline

232.69 (67.62)

220.85 (54.71)

After intervention

231.41 (62.34)

214.21 (51.19)

P-value^**

0.891

0.522

Total fat (g/day)

Baseline

47.61 (11.25)

46.83 (12.22)

After intervention

51.31 (17.33)

47.41 (14.13)

P-value^**

0.199

0.830

SFA (g/day)

Baseline

16.10 (4.58)

15.35 (3.75)

After intervention

16.01 (6.10)

15.74 (4.54)

P-value^**

0.913

0.639

MUFA (g/day)

Baseline

16.06 (3.85)

15.59 (5.07)

After intervention

17.13 (5.85)

15.56 (4.86)

P-value^**

0.265

0.976

PUFA (g/day)

Baseline

9.98 (3.04)

10.04 (3.45)

After intervention

10.49 (2.47)

9.97 (3.86)

P-value^**

0.365

0.919

Calcium (mg/day)

Baseline

835.33 (279.75)

838.41 (301.51)

After intervention

804.44 (324.89)

833.63 (292.95)

P-value^**

0.487

0.929

Phosphorus (mg/day)

Baseline

1444.29 (402.18)

1364.80 (372.84)

After intervention

1459.15 (467.88)

1355.23 (388.99)

P-value^**

0.814

0.897

Vitamin D (μg/day)

Baseline

1.73 (1.28)

1.84 (1.41)

After intervention

1.58 (1.18)

1.64 (1.22)

P-value^**

0.386

0.334

Total fiber (g/day)

Baseline

29.23 (10.67)

26.58 (7.56)

After intervention

29.96 (8.25)

25.91 (9.05)

P-value^**

0.127

0.603