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Table 4 Engagement measures

From: Evidence based models of care for the treatment of alcohol use disorder in primary health care settings: a systematic review

Reference, study duration

Outcome measures

Results (95% Confidence interval)

Moore et al. 2010 [19]

12 months

NA

 

Ettner et al. 2014 [20]

12 months

-Alcohol discussion with PC physician, %

I = 23% vs C = 13%**

Wallhed-Finn et al. 2018 [21]

6 months

-Number of visits, mean

I = 2.9 vs C = 4.7***

-Duration of treatment, min

I = 74 vs C = 187***

-AUD pharmacotherapy, %

NS

Drummond et al. 2009 [22]

6 months

NA

 

Coulton et al. 2017 [23]

12 months

NA

 

Oslin et al. 2013 [24]

6.5 months

-Mean number of visits (SD)

NS

-Proportion of patients with at least two addiction treatment visits

OR 6.97 (4.04, 12.05)***

-Patients treated with naltrexone, %

I = 65.9 vs C = 11.5***

Watkins et al. 2017 [25]

SUMMIT trial

(Data of AUD subgroup without comorbid opioid dependence)

6 months

-Patients received any evidence-based treatment, %

I = 39.4 vs C = 15.2; OR 5.09 (2.33–11.14)***

-Patients received any brief treatment, %

I = 37.5 vs C = 10.10; OR 7.70 (3.33–18.32)***

-Patients received any medication assisted treatment, %

NS

-HEDIS initiation, %

I = 32.69 vs C = 9.09; OR 6.16 (2.56–14.85)***

-HEDIS engagement, %

I = 14.42 vs C = 4.04; OR 6.56 (1.78–24.15)*

Upshur et al. 2015 [26]

Project RENEWAL

6 months

-Number of visits, mean (6 mo)

I = 12.1 vs C = 6.2**

-Meet criteria for spending time in drug/alcohol treatment, % (3 &6 mo)

NS, NS

-Talking about substance abuse with counsellor, % (3 & 6 mo)

3 mo: I = 67.6 vs C = 30.6**

6 mo: NS

-Attending AA meetings, % (3 & 6 mo)

NS, NS

-Patients visiting mental health provider, %, (3 & 6 mo)

NS, NS

-Total contacts with any substance use service, % (3 & 6 mo)

3 mo: I = 75.7 vs C = 44.4*

6 mo: I = 75 vs C = 47.2**

Bradley et al. 2018 [27]

CHOICE trial

12 months

-AUD medication use, % (3&12 mo)

3 mo: I = 14 vs C = 4.6**

12 mo: I = 32 vs C = 8.4***

-AUD medication use> 30 days, %, (3 &12 mo)

3 mo: I = 9.3 vs C = 2.6**

12 mo: I = 26.0 vs C = 7.1***

-VA addictions treatment, %, (3&12 mo)

NS, NS

-AA involvement, % (12 mo)

NS

-Any alcohol-related care, % (3&12 mo)

3 mo: I = 18 vs C = 8.4**

12 mo: I = 42.0 vs C = 26.0**

Saitz et al. 2013 [28]

AHEAD trial

(Data of AUD subgroup with/ without SUD)

12 months

-Any mutual help meeting attendance, %

NS

-Any addiction treatment, %

I = 43 vs C = 42; OR 1.36 (1.01–1.84)*

-Any inpatient addiction treatment, %

NS

-Any addiction medication, %

I = 16 vs C = 10; OR 2.12 (1.29–3.48)**

Willenbring et al. 1999 [29]

24 months

-VA hospital days over prior 2 year, psychiatric and alcohol treatment, mean

NS

-VA clinic visits over prior 2 years

I = 42.2 vs C = 17.4**

  1. Mo months, VA Veterans Affairs, NS not significant; *p < 0.05, **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Shading: indicates addiction specialty care as control group