|
Predictor Variables
|
Un adjusted mean
|
(SD)
|
Adjusted mean
|
(SD)
|
β
|
95% C.I
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
No. of chronic condition(s)
|
|
1 or 2
|
0.871
|
(0.198)
|
0.837
|
(0.034)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
≥ 3
|
0.804
|
(0.251)
|
0.785
|
(0.032)
|
−0.064
|
(−0.125, − 0.003)
|
0.04*
|
|
Age (years)
|
|
< 50
|
0.754
|
(0.304)
|
0.737
|
(0.042)
|
−0.137
|
(− 0.246, − 0.029)
|
0.01*
|
|
50–54
|
0.846
|
(0.217)
|
0.837
|
(0.042)
|
−0.01
|
(− 0.095, 0.075)
|
0.82
|
|
55–59
|
0.845
|
(0.222)
|
0.828
|
(0.036)
|
−0.021
|
(− 0.091, 0.050)
|
0.57
|
|
60–64
|
0.871
|
(0.187)
|
0.845
|
(0.036)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
Sex
|
|
Male
|
0.843
|
(0.224)
|
0.801
|
(0.035)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
Female
|
0.843
|
(0.224)
|
0.82
|
(0.032)
|
0.023
|
(−0.040, 0.087)
|
0.48
|
|
Ethnicity
|
|
Chinese
|
0.854
|
(0.212)
|
0.845
|
(0.034)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
Non-Chinese
|
0.795
|
(0.265)
|
0.777
|
(0.037)
|
−0.084
|
(−0.174, 0.005)
|
0.06
|
|
Main spoken language
|
|
English
|
0.86
|
(0.249)
|
0.837
|
(0.036)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
Mandarin
|
0.835
|
(0.214)
|
0.778
|
(0.034)
|
−0.073
|
(−0.148, 0.001)
|
0.05
|
|
Malay/Tamil/ Others
|
0.838
|
(0.206)
|
0.817
|
(0.040)
|
−0.025
|
(− 0.116, 0.066)
|
0.59
|
|
Marital status
|
|
Married
|
0.856
|
(0.206)
|
0.845
|
(0.038)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
Othersa
|
0.797
|
(0.275)
|
0.777
|
(0.034)
|
−0.084
|
(− 0.171, 0.003)
|
0.06
|
|
Education
|
|
Primary/ No formal
|
0.835
|
(0.218)
|
0.807
|
(0.038)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
Secondary
|
0.843
|
(0.239)
|
0.814
|
(0.036)
|
0.009
|
(−0.066, 0.083)
|
0.82
|
|
Post-secondary
|
0.851
|
(0.205)
|
0.811
|
(0.035)
|
0.005
|
(−0.087, 0.097)
|
0.91
|
|
Employment
|
|
Employed
|
0.847
|
(0.217)
|
0.83
|
(0.032)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
Unemployed/ Retired
|
0.832
|
(0.239)
|
0.792
|
(0.036)
|
−0.047
|
(−0.116, 0.022)
|
0.18
|
|
Monthly Household Income
|
|
< $2000
|
0.828
|
(0.284)
|
0.807
|
(0.037)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
$2000–$3999
|
0.861
|
(0.193)
|
0.831
|
(0.038)
|
0.03
|
(−0.059, 0.119)
|
0.51
|
|
$4000–$5999
|
0.808
|
(0.242)
|
0.791
|
(0.041)
|
−0.02
|
(− 0.120, 0.079)
|
0.69
|
|
≥ $6000
|
0.866
|
(0.186)
|
0.812
|
(0.045)
|
0.006
|
(−0.100, 0.113)
|
0.91
|
|
Not disclosed
|
0.848
|
(0.202)
|
0.811
|
(0.038)
|
0.005
|
(−0.090, 0.100)
|
0.92
|
|
Dwelling
|
|
Institution/ HDB 1–3 room
|
0.841
|
(0.247)
|
0.824
|
(0.035)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
HDB 4 room
|
0.822
|
(0.222)
|
0.791
|
(0.036)
|
−0.041
|
(−0.122, 0.040)
|
0.32
|
|
Other dwellingsb
|
0.87
|
(0.207)
|
0.817
|
(0.038)
|
−0.009
|
(− 0.096, 0.079)
|
0.85
|
|
Home Ownership
|
|
Owner-occupied
|
0.855
|
(0.211)
|
0.842
|
(0.029)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
Not owner-occupied
|
0.743
|
(0.296)
|
0.78
|
(0.045)
|
−0.077
|
(−0.192, 0.037)
|
0.19
|
|
Living arrangement
|
|
Living alone
|
0.919
|
(0.129)
|
0.874
|
(0.054)
|
REFERENCE
|
–
|
–
|
|
Living with others
|
0.837
|
(0.228)
|
0.751
|
(0.024)
|
−0.151
|
(−0.274, − 0.028)
|
0.02*
|
- aOther marital status: not married, single, widowed, divorced, and separated
- b Other dwellings: HDB 5-room, HDB executive, Housing and Urban Development Company apartment, HDB executive condominium, private condominium, and landed properties
- HDB Housing and Development Board
- *p-value < 0.05
