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Table 2 Characteristics of the intervention

From: Psychological interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder involving primary care physicians: systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Study

STEPS-UP

DESTRESS-PC

IC/CG

IG

CG

IG

CG

Psychological intervention

Description of the intervention

STEP 3:

STEP 2:

STEP 1:

collaborative care without implementation of psychological therapies

CBT-based & stress inoculation training in a nurse-guided online patient self-management paradigm

low intensity CM and training of PCPs

psychotherapy

CBT based self-management

care manage-ment (education, BA, MI)

who received the intervention

patients’ request, high risk patients, unresponsive to STEP 1 + 2, PCPs decision

patients who remain clinically symptomatic after 3–6 weeks

all patients

all patients

all patients

all patients

who delivered the intervention

local MHS

CM

CM, PCP

CM, PCP, MHS

CM/computer program

CM/PCP

method of delivery

in-person or via telephone

online or via telephone

via telephone, electronic messaging, in-person

via telephone,

online, via telephone, E-Mail, in-person

via telephone, E-Mail, in-person

duration of the intervention

not reported

6–9 weeks

12 months

12 months

6-max. 10 weeks

not reported

number of contacts

not reported

3–9

min. 12

min. 12

log in 3 times /week, number of CM-contacts not reported

3 telephone check-ins, risk assessment at weeks 2/4/6

strategies applied to sustain/ improve treatment adherence

CM were trained in BA, problem solving and MI

Adherence was monitored

not reported

not reported

Pharmacological intervention

interventions for improved pharmacological treatment

see STEP 2

Expert training in pharmacologic treatment for PCPs

not reported

Stepped pharmacological treatment

no intervention

no intervention

who prescribed medication

PCP

PCP

not reported

not reported

Study

CALM

PE-PC

IC/CG

IG

CG

IG

CG

Psychological intervention

Description of the intervention

computer-assisted CBT program

usual care by PCP, referral to MHS possible

brief Prolonged Exposure for Primary Care

minimal contact group

who received the intervention

patients could choose computer-assisted CBT medication, or both

all patients

all patients

all patients

who delivered the intervention

CM (ACS)

PCP, MHS

PCP, MHS

PCP, MHS

method of delivery

in-person (CBT), via telephone (follow-up)

in-person, via telephone

in-person

via telephone

duration of the intervention

10 to 12 weeks, symptomatic participants could receive up to 3 more steps (i.e., another 10–12 weeks) of treatment

not reported

30 min appointments delivered over 4–6 weeks

6 weeks

number of contacts

CBT: 6 to 8 weekly sessions

not reported

4

6

strategies applied to sustain or improve treatment adherence

ACS received didactics of MI

not reported

review by an independent clinician using adherence rating forms

not reported

Pharmacological intervention

interventions for improved pharmacological treatment

single-session medication management training for PCPs using a simple algorithm, adherence monitoring by ACS for medication management

not reported

psychotropic medication should remain unchanged throughout the intervention

psychotropic medication should remain unchanged throughout the intervention

who prescribed medication

PCP

PCP

not reported

not reported

  1. IG intervention group, CG control group, CM care manager, PCP primary care physician, MHS mental health specialist, ACS anxiety clinical specialist, CBT cognitive behavioural therapy, BA behavioural activation, MI motivational interviewing